Charak Samhita

Progress:57.5%

तत्रोपायाननुव्याख्यास्यामः- अध्ययनम्, अध्यापनं, तद्विद्यसम्भाषा चेत्युपायाः ||६||

sanskrit

The means for enhancing depth of knowledge are- study, teaching and discussion with authorities.

english translation

tatropAyAnanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH- adhyayanam, adhyApanaM, tadvidyasambhASA cetyupAyAH ||6||

hk transliteration

तत्रायमध्ययनविधिः- कल्यः कृतक्षणः प्रातरुत्थायोपव्यूषं वा कृत्वाऽऽवश्यकमुपस्पृश्योदकं देवर्षिगोब्राह्मणगुरुवृद्धसिद्धाचार्येभ्यो नमस्कृत्य समे शुचौ देशे सुखोपविष्टो मनःपुरःसराभिर्वाग्भिः सूत्रमनुक्रामन् पुनः पुनरावर्तयेद्बुद्ध्वा सम्यगनुप्रविश्यार्थतत्त्वं स्वदोषपरिहारार्थं परदोषप्रमाणार्थं च; एवं मध्यन्दिनेऽपराह्णे रात्रौ च शश्वदपरिहापयन्नध्ययनमभ्यस्येत्| इत्यध्ययनविधिः ||७||

sanskrit

[Method of study] One desirous of study with a calm mind and at a proper time, should get up early in the morning. After passing the natural urges and cleaning body (as per daily schedule), should do the spiritual rituals like sprinkling water, worshiping gods, sages, cow, brahmana, preceptors, elders, accomplished persons and the teacher. Then sitting comfortably on even and clean ground should present the aphorisms in order as learnt from teacher with clear voice attentively repeating it over and over. At the same time, he should think about the meaning and principle to get rid off his own defects and to know others' defects. In this way, he should proceed the study without squandering time in midday, afternoon, and night. This is the method of study.

english translation

tatrAyamadhyayanavidhiH- kalyaH kRtakSaNaH prAtarutthAyopavyUSaM vA kRtvA''vazyakamupaspRzyodakaM devarSigobrAhmaNaguruvRddhasiddhAcAryebhyo namaskRtya same zucau deze sukhopaviSTo manaHpuraHsarAbhirvAgbhiH sUtramanukrAman punaH punarAvartayedbuddhvA samyaganupravizyArthatattvaM svadoSaparihArArthaM paradoSapramANArthaM ca; evaM madhyandine'parAhNe rAtrau ca zazvadaparihApayannadhyayanamabhyasyet| ityadhyayanavidhiH ||7||

hk transliteration

अथाध्यापनविधिः- अध्यापने कृतबुद्धिराचार्यः शिष्यमेवादितः परीक्षेत; तद्यथा- प्रशान्तमार्यप्रकृतिकमक्षुद्रकर्माणमृजुचक्षुर्मुखनासावंशं तनुरक्तविशदजिह्वमविकृतदन्तौष्ठममिन्मिनं धृतिमन्तमनहङ्कृतं मेधाविनं वितर्कस्मृतिसम्पन्नमुदारसत्त्वं तद्विद्यकुलजमथवा तद्विद्यवृत्तं तत्त्वाभिनिवेशिनमव्यङ्गमव्यापन्नेन्द्रियं निभृतमनुद्धतमर्थतत्त्वभावकमकोपनमव्यसनिनं शीलशौचाचारानुरागदाक्ष्यप्रादक्षिण्योपपन्नमध्ययनाभिकाममर्थविज्ञाने कर्मदर्शने चानन्यकार्यमलुब्धमनलसं सर्वभूतहितैषिणमाचार्यसर्वानुशिष्टिप्रतिकरमनुरक्तं च, एवङ्गुणसमुदितमध्याप्यमाहुः ||८||

sanskrit

[Characteristics of ideal student and method of teaching] Now following is the method of teaching: The teacher, having decided to teach should, first of all examine the ideal disciple with following characteristics: 1. should be very calm, with superior qualities, 2. not involved in mean acts, 3. with straight eyes, mouth and nasal edge (without any defect in eyes, nose and mouth); 4. having thin, red and clear tongue; with no abnormality in teeth and lips, not talking with nasal utterance, 5. having forebearance, without vanity, intelligent, endowed with logical reasoning and memory, 6. broad minded, 7. born in a family of physicians or aware with the conduct and behavior of physicians 8. desirous of gaining scientific knowledge 9. without any physical deformity or disability of senses, 10. humble, keeping the knowledge safely, un-haughty, 11. having capacity to comprehend essence of the ideas, 12. without anger and addictions, 13. endowed with modesty, purity, good conduct, affection, dexterity and sincerity, interested in study, 14. dedicated to comprehension of ideas and practical knowledge without any distraction, 15. having no greed or idleness, empathetic to all creatures, 16. following all the instructions of the teacher and being attached to his teacher.[

english translation

athAdhyApanavidhiH- adhyApane kRtabuddhirAcAryaH ziSyamevAditaH parIkSeta; tadyathA- prazAntamAryaprakRtikamakSudrakarmANamRjucakSurmukhanAsAvaMzaM tanuraktavizadajihvamavikRtadantauSThamaminminaM dhRtimantamanahaGkRtaM medhAvinaM vitarkasmRtisampannamudArasattvaM tadvidyakulajamathavA tadvidyavRttaM tattvAbhinivezinamavyaGgamavyApannendriyaM nibhRtamanuddhatamarthatattvabhAvakamakopanamavyasaninaM zIlazaucAcArAnurAgadAkSyaprAdakSiNyopapannamadhyayanAbhikAmamarthavijJAne karmadarzane cAnanyakAryamalubdhamanalasaM sarvabhUtahitaiSiNamAcAryasarvAnuziSTipratikaramanuraktaM ca, evaGguNasamuditamadhyApyamAhuH ||8||

hk transliteration

एवंविधमध्ययनार्थिनमुपस्थितमारिराधयिषुमाचार्योऽनुभाषेत उदगयने शुक्लपक्षे प्रशस्तेऽहनि तिष्यहस्तश्रवणाश्वयुजामन्यतमेन नक्षत्रेण योगमुपगते भगवति शशिनि कल्याणे कल्याणे च करणे मैत्रे मुहूर्ते मुण्डः कृतोपवासः स्नातः काषायवस्त्रसंवीतः सगन्धहस्तः समिधोऽग्निमाज्यमुपलेपनमुदकुम्भान् माल्यदामदीपहिरण्यहेमरजतमणिमुक्ताविद्रुमक्षौमपरिधीन् कुशलाजसर्षपाक्षतांश्च शुक्लानि सुमनांसि ग्रथिताग्रथितानि मेध्यान् भक्ष्यान् गन्धांश्च घृष्टानादायोपतिष्ठस्वेति ||९||

sanskrit

[Commencement of academic session/teaching] When such a disciple with desire of study and feeling of commitment approaches the teacher, then teacher should address the student as- “when the sun is in the northernly course and during the full moon phase, on propitious day the benevolent lord moon having conjunction with one of the tishya (pushya), hasta, shravana and ashvayuja constellations in kalyanekarana and maitramuhurta come with shaved head, after following fast, had bath, wearing ochre-colored clothes and sacred thread and with fragrance sacred fire wood, fire, ghee, means of besmearing (cow-dung etc.), water jars, garland, rope, lamp, vessels of gold, silver, jewels, pearls, corals, silken cloth and sticks for edge of the sacrificial ground, holy grass, fried paddy, mustard seeds, barley grains, white-flowers, with or without strung, eatables increasing memory power and paste of fragrant wood.”

english translation

evaMvidhamadhyayanArthinamupasthitamArirAdhayiSumAcAryo'nubhASeta udagayane zuklapakSe prazaste'hani tiSyahastazravaNAzvayujAmanyatamena nakSatreNa yogamupagate bhagavati zazini kalyANe kalyANe ca karaNe maitre muhUrte muNDaH kRtopavAsaH snAtaH kASAyavastrasaMvItaH sagandhahastaH samidho'gnimAjyamupalepanamudakumbhAn mAlyadAmadIpahiraNyahemarajatamaNimuktAvidrumakSaumaparidhIn kuzalAjasarSapAkSatAMzca zuklAni sumanAMsi grathitAgrathitAni medhyAn bhakSyAn gandhAMzca ghRSTAnAdAyopatiSThasveti ||9||

hk transliteration

स तथा कुर्यात् ||१०||

sanskrit

The student should follow instructions of preceptor.

english translation

sa tathA kuryAt ||10||

hk transliteration