1.
रसविमानम्
Rasa Vimana (Taste-based factors for the measurement of diseases and drugs)
2.
त्रिविधकुक्षीयविमानम्
Trividhakukshiya Vimana (Three parts of abdomen and principles of diet)
3.
जनपदोद्ध्वंसनीयविमानम्
Janapadodhvansaniya Vimana (Determination of specific characteristics of destruction of communities)
4.
त्रिविधरोगविशेषविज्ञानीयविमानम्
Trividha Roga Vishesha Vijnaniya Vimana (Three methods for knowledge of disease)
5.
स्रोतोविमानम्
Sroto Vimana (Specific features of channels of transport and transformation)
•
रोगानीकविमानम्
Roganika Vimana (Classification of Diseases)
7.
व्याधितरूपीयविमानम्
Vyadhita Rupiya Vimana (Types of patients and organisms affecting Human Body)
8.
रोगभिषग्जितीयविमानम्
Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana (Methods of conquering debate and disease)
Progress:45.1%
तत्र वातलस्य वातप्रकोपणान्यासेवमानस्य क्षिप्रं वातः प्रकोपमापद्यते, न तथेतरौ दोषौ; स तस्य प्रकोपमापन्नो यथोक्तैर्विकारैः शरीरमुपतपति बलवर्णसुखायुषामुपघाताय| तस्यावजयनं- स्नेहस्वेदौ विधियुक्तौ, मृदूनि च संशोधनानि स्नेहोष्णमधुराम्ललवणयुक्तानि, तद्वदभ्यवहार्याणि, अभ्यङ्गोपनाहनोद्वेष्टनोन्मर्दनपरिषेकावगाहनसंवाहनावपीडनवित्रासनविस्मापनविस्मारणानि, सुरासवविधानं, स्नेहाश्चानेकयोनयो दीपनीयपाचनीयवातहरविरेचनीयोपहितास्तथा शतपाकाः सहस्रपाकाः सर्वशश्च प्रयोगार्थाः, बस्तयः, बस्तिनियमः सुखशीलता चेति ||१६||
sanskrit
[Principles of management of vata dosha dominance] If vatala type of individual resorts to such things which are aggravators of vata, vata in his body gets aggravated immediately. This does not happen in case of remaining two dosha. The aggravated vata afflicts individuals by the manifestation of disease already described, resulting in the impairment of strength, complexion, happiness and longevity. The following therapies alleviate this dosha: Proper administration of oleation and fomentation; Mild purgative prepared by the addition of fat, hot things and substances having sweet, sour and saline tastes; Food having the ingredients of the above mentioned properties. Massage, poultices, bandages, kneading, effusion, bath, samvahana (pressing and massaging by hand), pressing, using means of terrifying, methods of surprising and making oneself to forget (bad memories) Use of wine and asavas (fermented drinks) Fats from different sources mixed with drugs having digestive, stimulant, carminative, vata alleviating and purgative properties- they may be boiled hundred and thousand times and be used for being administered in different ways, viz. internal use, massage, enema, etc., and Observance of enema regimens, its regulations and adopting comfort (in behavior and lifestyle)
english translation
tatra vAtalasya vAtaprakopaNAnyAsevamAnasya kSipraM vAtaH prakopamApadyate, na tathetarau doSau; sa tasya prakopamApanno yathoktairvikAraiH zarIramupatapati balavarNasukhAyuSAmupaghAtAya| tasyAvajayanaM- snehasvedau vidhiyuktau, mRdUni ca saMzodhanAni snehoSNamadhurAmlalavaNayuktAni, tadvadabhyavahAryANi, abhyaGgopanAhanodveSTanonmardanapariSekAvagAhanasaMvAhanAvapIDanavitrAsanavismApanavismAraNAni, surAsavavidhAnaM, snehAzcAnekayonayo dIpanIyapAcanIyavAtaharavirecanIyopahitAstathA zatapAkAH sahasrapAkAH sarvazazca prayogArthAH, bastayaH, bastiniyamaH sukhazIlatA ceti ||16||
hk transliteration
पित्तलस्यापि पित्तप्रकोपणान्यासेवमानस्य क्षिप्रं पित्तं प्रकोपमापद्यते, न तथेतरौ दोषौ; तदस्य प्रकोपमापन्नं यथोक्तैर्विकारैः शरीरमुपतपति बलवर्णसुखायुषामुपघाताय| तस्यावजयनं- सर्पिष्पानं, सर्पिषा च स्नेहनम्, अधश्च दोषहरणं, मधुरतिक्तकषायशीतानां चौषधाभ्यवहार्याणामुपयोगः, मृदुमधुरसुरभिशीतहृद्यानां गन्धानां चोपसेवा, मुक्तामणिहारावलीनां च परमशिशिरवारिसंस्थितानां धारणमुरसा, क्षणे क्षणेऽग्र्यचन्दनप्रियङ्गुकालीयमृणालशीतवातवारिभिरुत्पलकुमुदकोकनदसौगन्धिकपद्मानुगतैश्च वारिभिरभिप्रोक्षणं, श्रुतिसुखमृदुमधुरमनोऽनुगानां च गीतवादित्राणां श्रवणं, श्रवणं चाभ्युदयानां, सुहृद्भिः संयोगः, संयोगश्चेष्टाभिः स्त्रीभिः शीतोपहितांशुकस्रग्धारिणीभिः, निशाकरांशुशीतलप्रवातहर्म्यवासः, शैलान्तरपुलिनशिशिरसदनवसनव्यजनपवनसेवनं, रम्याणां चोपवनानां सुखशिशिरसुरभिमारुतोपहितानामुपसेवनं, सेवनं चपद्मोत्पलनलिनकुमुदसौगन्धिकपुण्डरीकशतपत्रहस्तानां , सौम्यानां च सर्वभावानामिति ||१७||
sanskrit
[Principles of management of pitta dosha dominance] If a pittaja individual resorts to such things as are aggravators of pitta, pitta in his body gets aggravated immediately. This does not happen in the case of remaining two dosha. The aggravated pitta afflicts the individual by the manifestation of diseases already described resulting in the impairment of strength, complexion, happiness and longevity. The following therapies alleviate this dosha: 1. Consumption of ghee; 2. Oleation by ghee; 3. Purgation; 4. Use of drugs and diets having sweet, bitter and astringent tastes; and cooling property; 5. Use of scents which are mild, sweet, fragrant, cooling and cordial; 6. Use in the chest of pearls, jewels and garlands which are kept in excessively cold water; 7. Frequent sprinkling of cold water and cold air of agryachandana (Santalum album Linn.), priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla), kaliya (yellow variety of chandana) and mrinala (lotus stalk) mixed with utpala (Nymphaea alba Linn.), kumuda (a variety of utpala), kokanada (a variety of utpala red in color), saugandhika (a variety of utpala) and padma (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) 8. Hearing of songs and music which are pleasing to ears, mild, sweet and agreeable; 9. Hearing the information regarding prosperity; 10. Keeping company of friends; 11. Company of agreeable ladies wearing cooling garments and garlands; 12. Residence in buildings which is cooled by the moon rays and exposed to the breezes from all sides; 13. Residence in cold places in mountains and river banks, use of cold apparel and exposure to the cold winds of fans; 14. Visiting beautiful garden having pleasing, cold and fragrant wind; 15. Use of flower of padma (Nelumbo ncifera Gaertn.), utpala (Nymphaea alba linn.), nalina (a type of lotus), kumuda (a variety of utpala), saugandhika (a variety of utpala), pundarika( Nymphaea lotus Linn.) and satapatra ( a variety of lotus); and 16. Adoption of such other regimens as are of soothing nature.
english translation
pittalasyApi pittaprakopaNAnyAsevamAnasya kSipraM pittaM prakopamApadyate, na tathetarau doSau; tadasya prakopamApannaM yathoktairvikAraiH zarIramupatapati balavarNasukhAyuSAmupaghAtAya| tasyAvajayanaM- sarpiSpAnaM, sarpiSA ca snehanam, adhazca doSaharaNaM, madhuratiktakaSAyazItAnAM cauSadhAbhyavahAryANAmupayogaH, mRdumadhurasurabhizItahRdyAnAM gandhAnAM copasevA, muktAmaNihArAvalInAM ca paramaziziravArisaMsthitAnAM dhAraNamurasA, kSaNe kSaNe'gryacandanapriyaGgukAlIyamRNAlazItavAtavAribhirutpalakumudakokanadasaugandhikapadmAnugataizca vAribhirabhiprokSaNaM, zrutisukhamRdumadhuramano'nugAnAM ca gItavAditrANAM zravaNaM, zravaNaM cAbhyudayAnAM, suhRdbhiH saMyogaH, saMyogazceSTAbhiH strIbhiH zItopahitAMzukasragdhAriNIbhiH, nizAkarAMzuzItalapravAtaharmyavAsaH, zailAntarapulinazizirasadanavasanavyajanapavanasevanaM, ramyANAM copavanAnAM sukhazizirasurabhimArutopahitAnAmupasevanaM, sevanaM capadmotpalanalinakumudasaugandhikapuNDarIkazatapatrahastAnAM , saumyAnAM ca sarvabhAvAnAmiti ||17||
hk transliteration
श्लेष्मलस्यापि श्लेष्मप्रकोपणान्यासेवमानस्य [१] क्षिप्रं श्लेष्मा प्रकोपमापद्यते, न तथेतरौ दोषौ; स तस्य प्रकोपमापन्नोयथोक्तैर्विकारैः शरीरमुपतपति बलवर्णसुखायुषामुपघाताय| तस्यावजयनं- विधियुक्तानि तीक्ष्णोष्णानि संशोधनानि, रूक्षप्रायाणि चाभ्यवहार्याणि कटुकतिक्तकषायोपहितानि, तथैवधावनलङ्घनप्लवनपरिसरणजागरणनियुद्धव्यवायव्यायामोन्मर्दनस्नानोत्सादनानि, विशेषतस्तीक्ष्णानां दीर्घकालस्थितानां चमद्यानामुपयोगः, सधूमपानः सर्वशश्चोपवासः, तथोष्णं वासः, सुखप्रतिषेधश्च सुखार्थमेवेति ||१८||
sanskrit
[Principles of management of kapha dosha dominance] If shlaishmala types of individual resorts to such things as are aggravators of kapha, then kapha in his body gets aggravated immediately; this does not happen to the remaining two dosha. The aggravated kapha afflicts the individual by the manifestation of diseases already described, resulting in the impairment of strength, complexion, happiness and longevity. The following therapies alleviate this dosha: 1. Proper administration of strong and hot elimination therapies; 2. Intake of diet which is mostly ununctuous and is composed of ingredients having pungent, bitter and astringent tastes; 3. Running, jumping, swimming, whirling, keeping awake during night, fighting, sexual intercourse, exercise, unction, bath and oil massage; 4. Intake of strong wines preserved for a long time; 5. All lightening therapies along with herbal smoking; 6. Use of warm apparel; and 7. Giving up comforts of life with a view to enjoying happiness ultimately.
english translation
zleSmalasyApi zleSmaprakopaNAnyAsevamAnasya [1] kSipraM zleSmA prakopamApadyate, na tathetarau doSau; sa tasya prakopamApannoyathoktairvikAraiH zarIramupatapati balavarNasukhAyuSAmupaghAtAya| tasyAvajayanaM- vidhiyuktAni tIkSNoSNAni saMzodhanAni, rUkSaprAyANi cAbhyavahAryANi kaTukatiktakaSAyopahitAni, tathaivadhAvanalaGghanaplavanaparisaraNajAgaraNaniyuddhavyavAyavyAyAmonmardanasnAnotsAdanAni, vizeSatastIkSNAnAM dIrghakAlasthitAnAM camadyAnAmupayogaH, sadhUmapAnaH sarvazazcopavAsaH, tathoSNaM vAsaH, sukhapratiSedhazca sukhArthameveti ||18||
hk transliteration
भवति चात्र- सर्वरोगविशेषज्ञः सर्वकार्यविशेषवित्| सर्वभेषजतत्त्वज्ञो राज्ञः प्राणपतिर्भवेदिति ||१९||
sanskrit
[Characteristics of royal physician] Thus it is said:- A man well versed with the specific features of all diseases, principles of their treatment and properties of all medicaments is entitled to be a royal physician.
english translation
bhavati cAtra- sarvarogavizeSajJaH sarvakAryavizeSavit| sarvabheSajatattvajJo rAjJaH prANapatirbhavediti ||19||
hk transliteration
तत्र श्लोकाः- प्रकृत्यन्तरभेदेन रोगानीकविकल्पनम्| परस्पराविरोधश्च सामान्यं रोगदोषयोः ||२०||
sanskrit
[Summary] To sum up, in this chapter, groups of diseases based upon vata etc. prakriti types, non-contradiction of classified categories of diseases,
english translation
tatra zlokAH- prakRtyantarabhedena rogAnIkavikalpanam| parasparAvirodhazca sAmAnyaM rogadoSayoH ||20||
hk transliteration
Charak Samhita
Progress:45.1%
तत्र वातलस्य वातप्रकोपणान्यासेवमानस्य क्षिप्रं वातः प्रकोपमापद्यते, न तथेतरौ दोषौ; स तस्य प्रकोपमापन्नो यथोक्तैर्विकारैः शरीरमुपतपति बलवर्णसुखायुषामुपघाताय| तस्यावजयनं- स्नेहस्वेदौ विधियुक्तौ, मृदूनि च संशोधनानि स्नेहोष्णमधुराम्ललवणयुक्तानि, तद्वदभ्यवहार्याणि, अभ्यङ्गोपनाहनोद्वेष्टनोन्मर्दनपरिषेकावगाहनसंवाहनावपीडनवित्रासनविस्मापनविस्मारणानि, सुरासवविधानं, स्नेहाश्चानेकयोनयो दीपनीयपाचनीयवातहरविरेचनीयोपहितास्तथा शतपाकाः सहस्रपाकाः सर्वशश्च प्रयोगार्थाः, बस्तयः, बस्तिनियमः सुखशीलता चेति ||१६||
sanskrit
[Principles of management of vata dosha dominance] If vatala type of individual resorts to such things which are aggravators of vata, vata in his body gets aggravated immediately. This does not happen in case of remaining two dosha. The aggravated vata afflicts individuals by the manifestation of disease already described, resulting in the impairment of strength, complexion, happiness and longevity. The following therapies alleviate this dosha: Proper administration of oleation and fomentation; Mild purgative prepared by the addition of fat, hot things and substances having sweet, sour and saline tastes; Food having the ingredients of the above mentioned properties. Massage, poultices, bandages, kneading, effusion, bath, samvahana (pressing and massaging by hand), pressing, using means of terrifying, methods of surprising and making oneself to forget (bad memories) Use of wine and asavas (fermented drinks) Fats from different sources mixed with drugs having digestive, stimulant, carminative, vata alleviating and purgative properties- they may be boiled hundred and thousand times and be used for being administered in different ways, viz. internal use, massage, enema, etc., and Observance of enema regimens, its regulations and adopting comfort (in behavior and lifestyle)
english translation
tatra vAtalasya vAtaprakopaNAnyAsevamAnasya kSipraM vAtaH prakopamApadyate, na tathetarau doSau; sa tasya prakopamApanno yathoktairvikAraiH zarIramupatapati balavarNasukhAyuSAmupaghAtAya| tasyAvajayanaM- snehasvedau vidhiyuktau, mRdUni ca saMzodhanAni snehoSNamadhurAmlalavaNayuktAni, tadvadabhyavahAryANi, abhyaGgopanAhanodveSTanonmardanapariSekAvagAhanasaMvAhanAvapIDanavitrAsanavismApanavismAraNAni, surAsavavidhAnaM, snehAzcAnekayonayo dIpanIyapAcanIyavAtaharavirecanIyopahitAstathA zatapAkAH sahasrapAkAH sarvazazca prayogArthAH, bastayaH, bastiniyamaH sukhazIlatA ceti ||16||
hk transliteration
पित्तलस्यापि पित्तप्रकोपणान्यासेवमानस्य क्षिप्रं पित्तं प्रकोपमापद्यते, न तथेतरौ दोषौ; तदस्य प्रकोपमापन्नं यथोक्तैर्विकारैः शरीरमुपतपति बलवर्णसुखायुषामुपघाताय| तस्यावजयनं- सर्पिष्पानं, सर्पिषा च स्नेहनम्, अधश्च दोषहरणं, मधुरतिक्तकषायशीतानां चौषधाभ्यवहार्याणामुपयोगः, मृदुमधुरसुरभिशीतहृद्यानां गन्धानां चोपसेवा, मुक्तामणिहारावलीनां च परमशिशिरवारिसंस्थितानां धारणमुरसा, क्षणे क्षणेऽग्र्यचन्दनप्रियङ्गुकालीयमृणालशीतवातवारिभिरुत्पलकुमुदकोकनदसौगन्धिकपद्मानुगतैश्च वारिभिरभिप्रोक्षणं, श्रुतिसुखमृदुमधुरमनोऽनुगानां च गीतवादित्राणां श्रवणं, श्रवणं चाभ्युदयानां, सुहृद्भिः संयोगः, संयोगश्चेष्टाभिः स्त्रीभिः शीतोपहितांशुकस्रग्धारिणीभिः, निशाकरांशुशीतलप्रवातहर्म्यवासः, शैलान्तरपुलिनशिशिरसदनवसनव्यजनपवनसेवनं, रम्याणां चोपवनानां सुखशिशिरसुरभिमारुतोपहितानामुपसेवनं, सेवनं चपद्मोत्पलनलिनकुमुदसौगन्धिकपुण्डरीकशतपत्रहस्तानां , सौम्यानां च सर्वभावानामिति ||१७||
sanskrit
[Principles of management of pitta dosha dominance] If a pittaja individual resorts to such things as are aggravators of pitta, pitta in his body gets aggravated immediately. This does not happen in the case of remaining two dosha. The aggravated pitta afflicts the individual by the manifestation of diseases already described resulting in the impairment of strength, complexion, happiness and longevity. The following therapies alleviate this dosha: 1. Consumption of ghee; 2. Oleation by ghee; 3. Purgation; 4. Use of drugs and diets having sweet, bitter and astringent tastes; and cooling property; 5. Use of scents which are mild, sweet, fragrant, cooling and cordial; 6. Use in the chest of pearls, jewels and garlands which are kept in excessively cold water; 7. Frequent sprinkling of cold water and cold air of agryachandana (Santalum album Linn.), priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla), kaliya (yellow variety of chandana) and mrinala (lotus stalk) mixed with utpala (Nymphaea alba Linn.), kumuda (a variety of utpala), kokanada (a variety of utpala red in color), saugandhika (a variety of utpala) and padma (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) 8. Hearing of songs and music which are pleasing to ears, mild, sweet and agreeable; 9. Hearing the information regarding prosperity; 10. Keeping company of friends; 11. Company of agreeable ladies wearing cooling garments and garlands; 12. Residence in buildings which is cooled by the moon rays and exposed to the breezes from all sides; 13. Residence in cold places in mountains and river banks, use of cold apparel and exposure to the cold winds of fans; 14. Visiting beautiful garden having pleasing, cold and fragrant wind; 15. Use of flower of padma (Nelumbo ncifera Gaertn.), utpala (Nymphaea alba linn.), nalina (a type of lotus), kumuda (a variety of utpala), saugandhika (a variety of utpala), pundarika( Nymphaea lotus Linn.) and satapatra ( a variety of lotus); and 16. Adoption of such other regimens as are of soothing nature.
english translation
pittalasyApi pittaprakopaNAnyAsevamAnasya kSipraM pittaM prakopamApadyate, na tathetarau doSau; tadasya prakopamApannaM yathoktairvikAraiH zarIramupatapati balavarNasukhAyuSAmupaghAtAya| tasyAvajayanaM- sarpiSpAnaM, sarpiSA ca snehanam, adhazca doSaharaNaM, madhuratiktakaSAyazItAnAM cauSadhAbhyavahAryANAmupayogaH, mRdumadhurasurabhizItahRdyAnAM gandhAnAM copasevA, muktAmaNihArAvalInAM ca paramaziziravArisaMsthitAnAM dhAraNamurasA, kSaNe kSaNe'gryacandanapriyaGgukAlIyamRNAlazItavAtavAribhirutpalakumudakokanadasaugandhikapadmAnugataizca vAribhirabhiprokSaNaM, zrutisukhamRdumadhuramano'nugAnAM ca gItavAditrANAM zravaNaM, zravaNaM cAbhyudayAnAM, suhRdbhiH saMyogaH, saMyogazceSTAbhiH strIbhiH zItopahitAMzukasragdhAriNIbhiH, nizAkarAMzuzItalapravAtaharmyavAsaH, zailAntarapulinazizirasadanavasanavyajanapavanasevanaM, ramyANAM copavanAnAM sukhazizirasurabhimArutopahitAnAmupasevanaM, sevanaM capadmotpalanalinakumudasaugandhikapuNDarIkazatapatrahastAnAM , saumyAnAM ca sarvabhAvAnAmiti ||17||
hk transliteration
श्लेष्मलस्यापि श्लेष्मप्रकोपणान्यासेवमानस्य [१] क्षिप्रं श्लेष्मा प्रकोपमापद्यते, न तथेतरौ दोषौ; स तस्य प्रकोपमापन्नोयथोक्तैर्विकारैः शरीरमुपतपति बलवर्णसुखायुषामुपघाताय| तस्यावजयनं- विधियुक्तानि तीक्ष्णोष्णानि संशोधनानि, रूक्षप्रायाणि चाभ्यवहार्याणि कटुकतिक्तकषायोपहितानि, तथैवधावनलङ्घनप्लवनपरिसरणजागरणनियुद्धव्यवायव्यायामोन्मर्दनस्नानोत्सादनानि, विशेषतस्तीक्ष्णानां दीर्घकालस्थितानां चमद्यानामुपयोगः, सधूमपानः सर्वशश्चोपवासः, तथोष्णं वासः, सुखप्रतिषेधश्च सुखार्थमेवेति ||१८||
sanskrit
[Principles of management of kapha dosha dominance] If shlaishmala types of individual resorts to such things as are aggravators of kapha, then kapha in his body gets aggravated immediately; this does not happen to the remaining two dosha. The aggravated kapha afflicts the individual by the manifestation of diseases already described, resulting in the impairment of strength, complexion, happiness and longevity. The following therapies alleviate this dosha: 1. Proper administration of strong and hot elimination therapies; 2. Intake of diet which is mostly ununctuous and is composed of ingredients having pungent, bitter and astringent tastes; 3. Running, jumping, swimming, whirling, keeping awake during night, fighting, sexual intercourse, exercise, unction, bath and oil massage; 4. Intake of strong wines preserved for a long time; 5. All lightening therapies along with herbal smoking; 6. Use of warm apparel; and 7. Giving up comforts of life with a view to enjoying happiness ultimately.
english translation
zleSmalasyApi zleSmaprakopaNAnyAsevamAnasya [1] kSipraM zleSmA prakopamApadyate, na tathetarau doSau; sa tasya prakopamApannoyathoktairvikAraiH zarIramupatapati balavarNasukhAyuSAmupaghAtAya| tasyAvajayanaM- vidhiyuktAni tIkSNoSNAni saMzodhanAni, rUkSaprAyANi cAbhyavahAryANi kaTukatiktakaSAyopahitAni, tathaivadhAvanalaGghanaplavanaparisaraNajAgaraNaniyuddhavyavAyavyAyAmonmardanasnAnotsAdanAni, vizeSatastIkSNAnAM dIrghakAlasthitAnAM camadyAnAmupayogaH, sadhUmapAnaH sarvazazcopavAsaH, tathoSNaM vAsaH, sukhapratiSedhazca sukhArthameveti ||18||
hk transliteration
भवति चात्र- सर्वरोगविशेषज्ञः सर्वकार्यविशेषवित्| सर्वभेषजतत्त्वज्ञो राज्ञः प्राणपतिर्भवेदिति ||१९||
sanskrit
[Characteristics of royal physician] Thus it is said:- A man well versed with the specific features of all diseases, principles of their treatment and properties of all medicaments is entitled to be a royal physician.
english translation
bhavati cAtra- sarvarogavizeSajJaH sarvakAryavizeSavit| sarvabheSajatattvajJo rAjJaH prANapatirbhavediti ||19||
hk transliteration
तत्र श्लोकाः- प्रकृत्यन्तरभेदेन रोगानीकविकल्पनम्| परस्पराविरोधश्च सामान्यं रोगदोषयोः ||२०||
sanskrit
[Summary] To sum up, in this chapter, groups of diseases based upon vata etc. prakriti types, non-contradiction of classified categories of diseases,
english translation
tatra zlokAH- prakRtyantarabhedena rogAnIkavikalpanam| parasparAvirodhazca sAmAnyaM rogadoSayoH ||20||
hk transliteration