1.
रसविमानम्
Rasa Vimana (Taste-based factors for the measurement of diseases and drugs)
2.
त्रिविधकुक्षीयविमानम्
Trividhakukshiya Vimana (Three parts of abdomen and principles of diet)
3.
जनपदोद्ध्वंसनीयविमानम्
Janapadodhvansaniya Vimana (Determination of specific characteristics of destruction of communities)
•
त्रिविधरोगविशेषविज्ञानीयविमानम्
Trividha Roga Vishesha Vijnaniya Vimana (Three methods for knowledge of disease)
5.
स्रोतोविमानम्
Sroto Vimana (Specific features of channels of transport and transformation)
6.
रोगानीकविमानम्
Roganika Vimana (Classification of Diseases)
7.
व्याधितरूपीयविमानम्
Vyadhita Rupiya Vimana (Types of patients and organisms affecting Human Body)
8.
रोगभिषग्जितीयविमानम्
Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana (Methods of conquering debate and disease)
Progress:29.6%
तत्रेदमुपदिशन्ति बुद्धिमन्तः- रोगमेकैकमेवम्प्रकोपणमेवंयोनिमेवमुत्थानमेवमात्मानमेवमधिष्ठानमेवंवेदनमेवं संस्थानमेवंशब्द स्पर्शरूपरसगन्धमेवमुपद्रवमेवंवृद्धिस्थानक्षयसमन्वितमेवमुदर्क मेवन्नामानमेवंयोगं विद्यात्; तस्मिन्नियं प्रतीकारार्था प्रवृत्तिरथवा निवृत्तिरित्युपदेशाज्ज्ञायते ||६||
sanskrit
[Criteria of knowledge of disease] Using the aptopadesha method of examination, one acquires knowledge as described here using the following terms that wise men, or apta, use to understand a disease: 1. Prakopanam : provoking factors, viz. process of the vitiation of the doshas 2. Yoni: Source of doshas 3. Uthanam: onset of a disease 4. Atmanam: The cardinal sign and symptoms. 5. Adhishthanam: Site, which could be the body or the mind or both 6. Vedanam: signs and symptoms 7. Sansthanam (location): amashaya, pakwashaya, avayava vishesha, or in micro channels 8. Shabda, sparsha, rupa, rasa, gandham(five senses): Altered sensorium. 9. Updravam: Complications 10. Vriddhi sthana kshayam (Increased, decreased, balanced): Whether dosha, dhatu and mala are increased, decreased, or in balance 11. Udarakam: Prognosis 12. Namanam: Nomenclature 13. Pravritti: Indicated treatment 14. Nivritti: Contraindication Using the above framework, one could gather all the knowledge necessary of a disease
english translation
tatredamupadizanti buddhimantaH- rogamekaikamevamprakopaNamevaMyonimevamutthAnamevamAtmAnamevamadhiSThAnamevaMvedanamevaM saMsthAnamevaMzabda sparzarUparasagandhamevamupadravamevaMvRddhisthAnakSayasamanvitamevamudarka mevannAmAnamevaMyogaM vidyAt; tasminniyaM pratIkArArthA pravRttirathavA nivRttirityupadezAjjJAyate ||6||
hk transliteration
प्रत्यक्षतस्तु खलु रोगतत्त्वं बुभुत्सुः सर्वैरिन्द्रियैः सर्वानिन्द्रियार्थानातुरशरीरगतान् परीक्षेत, अन्यत्र रसज्ञानात्; तद्यथा- अन्त्रकूजनं, सन्धिस्फुटनमङ्गुलीपर्वणां च, स्वरविशेषांश्च, ये चान्येऽपि केचिच्छरीरोपगताः शब्दाः स्युस्ताञ्छ्रोत्रेण परीक्षेत; वर्णसंस्थानप्रमाणच्छायाः शरीरप्रकृतिविकारौ, चक्षुर्वैषयिकाणि यानि चान्यान्यनुक्तानि तानि चक्षुषा परीक्षेत; रसं तु खल्वातुरशरीरगतमिन्द्रियवैषयिकमप्यनुमानादवगच्छेत्, न ह्यस्य प्रत्यक्षेण ग्रहणमुपपद्यते, तस्मादातुरपरिप्रश्नेनैवातुरमुखरसं विद्यात्, यूकापसर्पणेन त्वस्य शरीरवैरस्यं, मक्षिकोपसर्पणेन शरीरमाधुर्यं, लोहितपित्तसन्देहे तु किं धारिलोहितं लोहितपित्तं वेति श्वकाकभक्षणाद्धारिलोहितमभक्षणाल्लोहितपित्तमित्यनुमातव्यम्, एवमन्यानप्यातुरशरीरगतान् रसाननुमिमीत; गन्धांस्तु खलु सर्वशरीरगतानातुरस्य प्रकृतिवैकारिकान् घ्राणेन परीक्षेत; स्पर्शं च पाणिना प्रकृतिविकृतियुक्तम्| इति प्रत्यक्षतोऽनुमानादुपदेशतश्च परीक्षणमुक्तम् ||७||
sanskrit
[Knowledge by direct perception] A physician who wants to examine the patient and diagnose the disease through pratyaksha (direct observations) method of examination should examine with his own senses (all senses except the one relating to the gustatory organ, i.e., taste), in the body of the patient. [The following should be examined by auscultation] 1. Antrakoojanam: Gurgling sound in the intestine indicating sound of movement; 2. Sandhisphutanam: Crackling sound in the joints including those in the fingers; [The following are perceived by auditory measures] 1. Swara visheshana: Voice patterns of the patient; and 2. Shabda: Such other sounds in the body of the patient which are normally found in the human body like respiratory and cardiovascular sounds and also the sounds which are produced through percussion and auscultation etc. [By tactile perceptions] The physician should touch various body parts of the patients, and examine signs of abnormality in terms of the body temperature, skin texture (rough- unctuous), presence of moisture (dry-wet), eruptions, pitting, tenderness, etc. [By visual examination] 1. Colour, shape, measurement and complexion; 2. Natural and unnatural features of the body found in normal and abnormal states; and 3. Others which can be examined visually like signs of the disease, lustre and appearance of the body and other organs (inspection method of examination from top to bottom of the person) [Gustatory examinations can be inferred by following observations] Taste of the various tissues in the body of the patient are undoubtedly the objects of the gustatory sense organ and can be ascertained by inference and not by direct observation. Therefore, the taste in the mouth of the patient should be ascertained by interrogation. For example, sweet taste of the body can be inferred when flies are attracted towards the body. In the case of bleeding from the body, if there is a doubt about the nature of the blood, it should be resolved by giving the blood to dogs and crow to taste. Intake of the blood by dogs and crows is indicative of its purity and rejection by these animals indicates that the blood is vitiated by pitta, i.e. the patient is suffering from raktapitta. Similarly, other tastes in the patient’s body can be inferred. [By olfactory examinations] Normal and abnormal smells of the entire body of the patient should be examined by the olfactory sense organ.
english translation
pratyakSatastu khalu rogatattvaM bubhutsuH sarvairindriyaiH sarvAnindriyArthAnAturazarIragatAn parIkSeta, anyatra rasajJAnAt; tadyathA- antrakUjanaM, sandhisphuTanamaGgulIparvaNAM ca, svaravizeSAMzca, ye cAnye'pi keciccharIropagatAH zabdAH syustAJchrotreNa parIkSeta; varNasaMsthAnapramANacchAyAH zarIraprakRtivikArau, cakSurvaiSayikANi yAni cAnyAnyanuktAni tAni cakSuSA parIkSeta; rasaM tu khalvAturazarIragatamindriyavaiSayikamapyanumAnAdavagacchet, na hyasya pratyakSeNa grahaNamupapadyate, tasmAdAturaparipraznenaivAturamukharasaM vidyAt, yUkApasarpaNena tvasya zarIravairasyaM, makSikopasarpaNena zarIramAdhuryaM, lohitapittasandehe tu kiM dhArilohitaM lohitapittaM veti zvakAkabhakSaNAddhArilohitamabhakSaNAllohitapittamityanumAtavyam, evamanyAnapyAturazarIragatAn rasAnanumimIta; gandhAMstu khalu sarvazarIragatAnAturasya prakRtivaikArikAn ghrANena parIkSeta; sparzaM ca pANinA prakRtivikRtiyuktam| iti pratyakSato'numAnAdupadezatazca parIkSaNamuktam ||7||
hk transliteration
इमे तु खल्वन्येऽप्येवमेव भूयोऽनुमानज्ञेया भवन्ति भावाः| तद्यथा- अग्निं जरणशक्त्या परीक्षेत, बलं व्यायामशक्त्या, श्रोत्रादीनि शब्दाद्यर्थग्रहणेन, मनोऽर्थाव्यभिचरणेन, विज्ञानं व्यवसायेन, रजःसङ्गेन, मोहमविज्ञानेन, क्रोधमभिद्रोहेण, शोकं दैन्येन, हर्षमामोदेन, प्रीतिं तोषेण, भयं विषादेन, धैर्यमविषादेन, वीर्यमुत्थानेन, अवस्थानमविभ्रमेण, श्रद्धामभिप्रायेण, मेधां ग्रहणेन, सञ्ज्ञां नामग्रहणेन, स्मृतिं स्मरणेन, ह्रियमपत्रपणेन, शीलमनुशीलनेन, द्वेषं प्रतिषेधेन, उपधिमनुबन्धेन , धृतिमलौल्येन, वश्यतां विधेयतया, वयोभक्तिसात्म्यव्याधिसमुत्थानानि कालदेशोपशयवेदनाविशेषेण, गूढलिङ्गं व्याधिमुपशयानुपशयाभ्यां, दोषप्रमाणविशेषमपचारविशेषेण, आयुषः क्षयमरिष्टैः, उपस्थितश्रेयस्त्वं कल्याणाभिनिवेशेन, अमलं सत्त्वमविकारेण, ग्रहण्यास्तु मृदुदारुणत्वं स्वप्नदर्शनमभिप्रायं द्विष्टेष्टसुखदुःखानि चातुरपरिप्रश्नेनैव विद्यादिति ||८||
sanskrit
[Knowledge by inference] Charak observed that the objects known by direct perceptions are very limited, whereas the range of inference is fairly vast in areas that are not known by our means of perception, i.e., sense organs. Here, reasoning and logic already stated in scriptures need to be used. The following subjects could be understood through anumana (inference): 1. Agnim jaran shaktya- Digestion by quality and quantity of food taken and digested or not digested. 2. Balam vyayam shaktya- Physical strength of the person to be examined with the performance of the exercise or the physical work. 3. Shrotradeeni- shabdadi artha grahanena-The sensory ability with clarity and accuracy of perception of their respective objects. 4. Mano- avyabhicharnena - Inappropriate mental perceptions, even in the presence of all other senses along with their respective objects. Absence or altered perception indicates dissociation of mind with senses. 5. Vigyanam vyavsayena- skills can be judged by one’s occupation. 6. Rajah sangena - attachments by involvement 7. Moham avigyanena- confused state by lack of proper knowledge 8. Krodham abhidrohena- anger by choosing measures for revenge 9. Shokam dainyena- grief by pity appearance 10. Harsham aamoden- pleasure by way of celebrations. 11. Preetim Toshena- affection by satisfaction. 12. Bhayam vishadena- fear by duration and severity of anxiety. 13. Dhairyam avishadena - patience by facing adversities without fear and anxiety 14. Veeryam utthanena- bravery by way of initiation of difficult task 15. Avasthanam avibhramena- stability by absence of doubts and confusions 16. Shriddha abhiprayena- faith by purposiveness 17. Medha grahnena- wisdom by retaining threshold 18. Sangya namgrahanena- mental awakening instantaneous identification 19. Smriti smarnena- memory by recalling ability 20. Hriyam apatrapnena- shy by drooping of eyelids. 21. Sheelam anusheelnena- obedience by constant following 22. Dvesham pratishedhena- hatred by duration of staying away 23. Upadhi anubandhena- fraudulent attitude. 24. Dhriti alaulyena- tolerance by long standing and non shifting attitude 25. Vashyata vidheyataya- controllability by following of righteous conduct 26. Vaya kalen- age by chronological time 27. Bhakti deshen- liking a place, person and surroundings with opportunistic intentions. 28. Satmya upshayena- habituation by suitability 29. Vyadhi vedanaya- diseases by symptomatology 30. Goodha linga vyadhi- mysterious diseases by therapeutic measures 31. Dosha pramana- quantity of morbidity by potential causative factors 32. Aysha kshaya- near death signs of imminent death (Arishta) 33. Shreyatwam: signs of regaining health, when the patient thinks welfare of all. 34. Amalam Satwam- purity of mind by freedom from illusionary attachments. 35. Granyastu mridu darunatwam- abdominal comforts and discomforts by sleep quality and by interrogations.
english translation
ime tu khalvanye'pyevameva bhUyo'numAnajJeyA bhavanti bhAvAH| tadyathA- agniM jaraNazaktyA parIkSeta, balaM vyAyAmazaktyA, zrotrAdIni zabdAdyarthagrahaNena, mano'rthAvyabhicaraNena, vijJAnaM vyavasAyena, rajaHsaGgena, mohamavijJAnena, krodhamabhidroheNa, zokaM dainyena, harSamAmodena, prItiM toSeNa, bhayaM viSAdena, dhairyamaviSAdena, vIryamutthAnena, avasthAnamavibhrameNa, zraddhAmabhiprAyeNa, medhAM grahaNena, saJjJAM nAmagrahaNena, smRtiM smaraNena, hriyamapatrapaNena, zIlamanuzIlanena, dveSaM pratiSedhena, upadhimanubandhena , dhRtimalaulyena, vazyatAM vidheyatayA, vayobhaktisAtmyavyAdhisamutthAnAni kAladezopazayavedanAvizeSeNa, gUDhaliGgaM vyAdhimupazayAnupazayAbhyAM, doSapramANavizeSamapacAravizeSeNa, AyuSaH kSayamariSTaiH, upasthitazreyastvaM kalyANAbhinivezena, amalaM sattvamavikAreNa, grahaNyAstu mRdudAruNatvaM svapnadarzanamabhiprAyaM dviSTeSTasukhaduHkhAni cAturaparipraznenaiva vidyAditi ||8||
hk transliteration
भवन्ति चात्र- आप्ततश्चोपदेशेन प्रत्यक्षकरणेन च| अनुमानेन च व्याधीन् सम्यग्विद्याद्विचक्षणः ||९||
sanskrit
[Importance of three fold examination] To sum up this chapter, it can be said that the wise should properly understand a disease by means of three methods, i.e., the words documented by the wise, direct observation and inference.
english translation
bhavanti cAtra- Aptatazcopadezena pratyakSakaraNena ca| anumAnena ca vyAdhIn samyagvidyAdvicakSaNaH ||9||
hk transliteration
सर्वथा सर्वमालोच्य यथासम्भवमर्थवित्| अथाध्यवस्येत्तत्त्वे च कार्ये च तदनन्तरम् ||१०||
sanskrit
As far as possible, all factors should be discussed in their entirety. After examining the disease by aptopadesha, the physician should obtain knowledge regarding the nature of disease and the therapies required therefore.
english translation
sarvathA sarvamAlocya yathAsambhavamarthavit| athAdhyavasyettattve ca kArye ca tadanantaram ||10||
hk transliteration
Charak Samhita
Progress:29.6%
तत्रेदमुपदिशन्ति बुद्धिमन्तः- रोगमेकैकमेवम्प्रकोपणमेवंयोनिमेवमुत्थानमेवमात्मानमेवमधिष्ठानमेवंवेदनमेवं संस्थानमेवंशब्द स्पर्शरूपरसगन्धमेवमुपद्रवमेवंवृद्धिस्थानक्षयसमन्वितमेवमुदर्क मेवन्नामानमेवंयोगं विद्यात्; तस्मिन्नियं प्रतीकारार्था प्रवृत्तिरथवा निवृत्तिरित्युपदेशाज्ज्ञायते ||६||
sanskrit
[Criteria of knowledge of disease] Using the aptopadesha method of examination, one acquires knowledge as described here using the following terms that wise men, or apta, use to understand a disease: 1. Prakopanam : provoking factors, viz. process of the vitiation of the doshas 2. Yoni: Source of doshas 3. Uthanam: onset of a disease 4. Atmanam: The cardinal sign and symptoms. 5. Adhishthanam: Site, which could be the body or the mind or both 6. Vedanam: signs and symptoms 7. Sansthanam (location): amashaya, pakwashaya, avayava vishesha, or in micro channels 8. Shabda, sparsha, rupa, rasa, gandham(five senses): Altered sensorium. 9. Updravam: Complications 10. Vriddhi sthana kshayam (Increased, decreased, balanced): Whether dosha, dhatu and mala are increased, decreased, or in balance 11. Udarakam: Prognosis 12. Namanam: Nomenclature 13. Pravritti: Indicated treatment 14. Nivritti: Contraindication Using the above framework, one could gather all the knowledge necessary of a disease
english translation
tatredamupadizanti buddhimantaH- rogamekaikamevamprakopaNamevaMyonimevamutthAnamevamAtmAnamevamadhiSThAnamevaMvedanamevaM saMsthAnamevaMzabda sparzarUparasagandhamevamupadravamevaMvRddhisthAnakSayasamanvitamevamudarka mevannAmAnamevaMyogaM vidyAt; tasminniyaM pratIkArArthA pravRttirathavA nivRttirityupadezAjjJAyate ||6||
hk transliteration
प्रत्यक्षतस्तु खलु रोगतत्त्वं बुभुत्सुः सर्वैरिन्द्रियैः सर्वानिन्द्रियार्थानातुरशरीरगतान् परीक्षेत, अन्यत्र रसज्ञानात्; तद्यथा- अन्त्रकूजनं, सन्धिस्फुटनमङ्गुलीपर्वणां च, स्वरविशेषांश्च, ये चान्येऽपि केचिच्छरीरोपगताः शब्दाः स्युस्ताञ्छ्रोत्रेण परीक्षेत; वर्णसंस्थानप्रमाणच्छायाः शरीरप्रकृतिविकारौ, चक्षुर्वैषयिकाणि यानि चान्यान्यनुक्तानि तानि चक्षुषा परीक्षेत; रसं तु खल्वातुरशरीरगतमिन्द्रियवैषयिकमप्यनुमानादवगच्छेत्, न ह्यस्य प्रत्यक्षेण ग्रहणमुपपद्यते, तस्मादातुरपरिप्रश्नेनैवातुरमुखरसं विद्यात्, यूकापसर्पणेन त्वस्य शरीरवैरस्यं, मक्षिकोपसर्पणेन शरीरमाधुर्यं, लोहितपित्तसन्देहे तु किं धारिलोहितं लोहितपित्तं वेति श्वकाकभक्षणाद्धारिलोहितमभक्षणाल्लोहितपित्तमित्यनुमातव्यम्, एवमन्यानप्यातुरशरीरगतान् रसाननुमिमीत; गन्धांस्तु खलु सर्वशरीरगतानातुरस्य प्रकृतिवैकारिकान् घ्राणेन परीक्षेत; स्पर्शं च पाणिना प्रकृतिविकृतियुक्तम्| इति प्रत्यक्षतोऽनुमानादुपदेशतश्च परीक्षणमुक्तम् ||७||
sanskrit
[Knowledge by direct perception] A physician who wants to examine the patient and diagnose the disease through pratyaksha (direct observations) method of examination should examine with his own senses (all senses except the one relating to the gustatory organ, i.e., taste), in the body of the patient. [The following should be examined by auscultation] 1. Antrakoojanam: Gurgling sound in the intestine indicating sound of movement; 2. Sandhisphutanam: Crackling sound in the joints including those in the fingers; [The following are perceived by auditory measures] 1. Swara visheshana: Voice patterns of the patient; and 2. Shabda: Such other sounds in the body of the patient which are normally found in the human body like respiratory and cardiovascular sounds and also the sounds which are produced through percussion and auscultation etc. [By tactile perceptions] The physician should touch various body parts of the patients, and examine signs of abnormality in terms of the body temperature, skin texture (rough- unctuous), presence of moisture (dry-wet), eruptions, pitting, tenderness, etc. [By visual examination] 1. Colour, shape, measurement and complexion; 2. Natural and unnatural features of the body found in normal and abnormal states; and 3. Others which can be examined visually like signs of the disease, lustre and appearance of the body and other organs (inspection method of examination from top to bottom of the person) [Gustatory examinations can be inferred by following observations] Taste of the various tissues in the body of the patient are undoubtedly the objects of the gustatory sense organ and can be ascertained by inference and not by direct observation. Therefore, the taste in the mouth of the patient should be ascertained by interrogation. For example, sweet taste of the body can be inferred when flies are attracted towards the body. In the case of bleeding from the body, if there is a doubt about the nature of the blood, it should be resolved by giving the blood to dogs and crow to taste. Intake of the blood by dogs and crows is indicative of its purity and rejection by these animals indicates that the blood is vitiated by pitta, i.e. the patient is suffering from raktapitta. Similarly, other tastes in the patient’s body can be inferred. [By olfactory examinations] Normal and abnormal smells of the entire body of the patient should be examined by the olfactory sense organ.
english translation
pratyakSatastu khalu rogatattvaM bubhutsuH sarvairindriyaiH sarvAnindriyArthAnAturazarIragatAn parIkSeta, anyatra rasajJAnAt; tadyathA- antrakUjanaM, sandhisphuTanamaGgulIparvaNAM ca, svaravizeSAMzca, ye cAnye'pi keciccharIropagatAH zabdAH syustAJchrotreNa parIkSeta; varNasaMsthAnapramANacchAyAH zarIraprakRtivikArau, cakSurvaiSayikANi yAni cAnyAnyanuktAni tAni cakSuSA parIkSeta; rasaM tu khalvAturazarIragatamindriyavaiSayikamapyanumAnAdavagacchet, na hyasya pratyakSeNa grahaNamupapadyate, tasmAdAturaparipraznenaivAturamukharasaM vidyAt, yUkApasarpaNena tvasya zarIravairasyaM, makSikopasarpaNena zarIramAdhuryaM, lohitapittasandehe tu kiM dhArilohitaM lohitapittaM veti zvakAkabhakSaNAddhArilohitamabhakSaNAllohitapittamityanumAtavyam, evamanyAnapyAturazarIragatAn rasAnanumimIta; gandhAMstu khalu sarvazarIragatAnAturasya prakRtivaikArikAn ghrANena parIkSeta; sparzaM ca pANinA prakRtivikRtiyuktam| iti pratyakSato'numAnAdupadezatazca parIkSaNamuktam ||7||
hk transliteration
इमे तु खल्वन्येऽप्येवमेव भूयोऽनुमानज्ञेया भवन्ति भावाः| तद्यथा- अग्निं जरणशक्त्या परीक्षेत, बलं व्यायामशक्त्या, श्रोत्रादीनि शब्दाद्यर्थग्रहणेन, मनोऽर्थाव्यभिचरणेन, विज्ञानं व्यवसायेन, रजःसङ्गेन, मोहमविज्ञानेन, क्रोधमभिद्रोहेण, शोकं दैन्येन, हर्षमामोदेन, प्रीतिं तोषेण, भयं विषादेन, धैर्यमविषादेन, वीर्यमुत्थानेन, अवस्थानमविभ्रमेण, श्रद्धामभिप्रायेण, मेधां ग्रहणेन, सञ्ज्ञां नामग्रहणेन, स्मृतिं स्मरणेन, ह्रियमपत्रपणेन, शीलमनुशीलनेन, द्वेषं प्रतिषेधेन, उपधिमनुबन्धेन , धृतिमलौल्येन, वश्यतां विधेयतया, वयोभक्तिसात्म्यव्याधिसमुत्थानानि कालदेशोपशयवेदनाविशेषेण, गूढलिङ्गं व्याधिमुपशयानुपशयाभ्यां, दोषप्रमाणविशेषमपचारविशेषेण, आयुषः क्षयमरिष्टैः, उपस्थितश्रेयस्त्वं कल्याणाभिनिवेशेन, अमलं सत्त्वमविकारेण, ग्रहण्यास्तु मृदुदारुणत्वं स्वप्नदर्शनमभिप्रायं द्विष्टेष्टसुखदुःखानि चातुरपरिप्रश्नेनैव विद्यादिति ||८||
sanskrit
[Knowledge by inference] Charak observed that the objects known by direct perceptions are very limited, whereas the range of inference is fairly vast in areas that are not known by our means of perception, i.e., sense organs. Here, reasoning and logic already stated in scriptures need to be used. The following subjects could be understood through anumana (inference): 1. Agnim jaran shaktya- Digestion by quality and quantity of food taken and digested or not digested. 2. Balam vyayam shaktya- Physical strength of the person to be examined with the performance of the exercise or the physical work. 3. Shrotradeeni- shabdadi artha grahanena-The sensory ability with clarity and accuracy of perception of their respective objects. 4. Mano- avyabhicharnena - Inappropriate mental perceptions, even in the presence of all other senses along with their respective objects. Absence or altered perception indicates dissociation of mind with senses. 5. Vigyanam vyavsayena- skills can be judged by one’s occupation. 6. Rajah sangena - attachments by involvement 7. Moham avigyanena- confused state by lack of proper knowledge 8. Krodham abhidrohena- anger by choosing measures for revenge 9. Shokam dainyena- grief by pity appearance 10. Harsham aamoden- pleasure by way of celebrations. 11. Preetim Toshena- affection by satisfaction. 12. Bhayam vishadena- fear by duration and severity of anxiety. 13. Dhairyam avishadena - patience by facing adversities without fear and anxiety 14. Veeryam utthanena- bravery by way of initiation of difficult task 15. Avasthanam avibhramena- stability by absence of doubts and confusions 16. Shriddha abhiprayena- faith by purposiveness 17. Medha grahnena- wisdom by retaining threshold 18. Sangya namgrahanena- mental awakening instantaneous identification 19. Smriti smarnena- memory by recalling ability 20. Hriyam apatrapnena- shy by drooping of eyelids. 21. Sheelam anusheelnena- obedience by constant following 22. Dvesham pratishedhena- hatred by duration of staying away 23. Upadhi anubandhena- fraudulent attitude. 24. Dhriti alaulyena- tolerance by long standing and non shifting attitude 25. Vashyata vidheyataya- controllability by following of righteous conduct 26. Vaya kalen- age by chronological time 27. Bhakti deshen- liking a place, person and surroundings with opportunistic intentions. 28. Satmya upshayena- habituation by suitability 29. Vyadhi vedanaya- diseases by symptomatology 30. Goodha linga vyadhi- mysterious diseases by therapeutic measures 31. Dosha pramana- quantity of morbidity by potential causative factors 32. Aysha kshaya- near death signs of imminent death (Arishta) 33. Shreyatwam: signs of regaining health, when the patient thinks welfare of all. 34. Amalam Satwam- purity of mind by freedom from illusionary attachments. 35. Granyastu mridu darunatwam- abdominal comforts and discomforts by sleep quality and by interrogations.
english translation
ime tu khalvanye'pyevameva bhUyo'numAnajJeyA bhavanti bhAvAH| tadyathA- agniM jaraNazaktyA parIkSeta, balaM vyAyAmazaktyA, zrotrAdIni zabdAdyarthagrahaNena, mano'rthAvyabhicaraNena, vijJAnaM vyavasAyena, rajaHsaGgena, mohamavijJAnena, krodhamabhidroheNa, zokaM dainyena, harSamAmodena, prItiM toSeNa, bhayaM viSAdena, dhairyamaviSAdena, vIryamutthAnena, avasthAnamavibhrameNa, zraddhAmabhiprAyeNa, medhAM grahaNena, saJjJAM nAmagrahaNena, smRtiM smaraNena, hriyamapatrapaNena, zIlamanuzIlanena, dveSaM pratiSedhena, upadhimanubandhena , dhRtimalaulyena, vazyatAM vidheyatayA, vayobhaktisAtmyavyAdhisamutthAnAni kAladezopazayavedanAvizeSeNa, gUDhaliGgaM vyAdhimupazayAnupazayAbhyAM, doSapramANavizeSamapacAravizeSeNa, AyuSaH kSayamariSTaiH, upasthitazreyastvaM kalyANAbhinivezena, amalaM sattvamavikAreNa, grahaNyAstu mRdudAruNatvaM svapnadarzanamabhiprAyaM dviSTeSTasukhaduHkhAni cAturaparipraznenaiva vidyAditi ||8||
hk transliteration
भवन्ति चात्र- आप्ततश्चोपदेशेन प्रत्यक्षकरणेन च| अनुमानेन च व्याधीन् सम्यग्विद्याद्विचक्षणः ||९||
sanskrit
[Importance of three fold examination] To sum up this chapter, it can be said that the wise should properly understand a disease by means of three methods, i.e., the words documented by the wise, direct observation and inference.
english translation
bhavanti cAtra- Aptatazcopadezena pratyakSakaraNena ca| anumAnena ca vyAdhIn samyagvidyAdvicakSaNaH ||9||
hk transliteration
सर्वथा सर्वमालोच्य यथासम्भवमर्थवित्| अथाध्यवस्येत्तत्त्वे च कार्ये च तदनन्तरम् ||१०||
sanskrit
As far as possible, all factors should be discussed in their entirety. After examining the disease by aptopadesha, the physician should obtain knowledge regarding the nature of disease and the therapies required therefore.
english translation
sarvathA sarvamAlocya yathAsambhavamarthavit| athAdhyavasyettattve ca kArye ca tadanantaram ||10||
hk transliteration