Charak Samhita

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/vimana-sthana/4/8

इमे तु खल्वन्येऽप्येवमेव भूयोऽनुमानज्ञेया भवन्ति भावाः| तद्यथा- अग्निं जरणशक्त्या परीक्षेत, बलं व्यायामशक्त्या, श्रोत्रादीनि शब्दाद्यर्थग्रहणेन, मनोऽर्थाव्यभिचरणेन, विज्ञानं व्यवसायेन, रजःसङ्गेन, मोहमविज्ञानेन, क्रोधमभिद्रोहेण, शोकं दैन्येन, हर्षमामोदेन, प्रीतिं तोषेण, भयं विषादेन, धैर्यमविषादेन, वीर्यमुत्थानेन, अवस्थानमविभ्रमेण, श्रद्धामभिप्रायेण, मेधां ग्रहणेन, सञ्ज्ञां नामग्रहणेन, स्मृतिं स्मरणेन, ह्रियमपत्रपणेन, शीलमनुशीलनेन, द्वेषं प्रतिषेधेन, उपधिमनुबन्धेन , धृतिमलौल्येन, वश्यतां विधेयतया, वयोभक्तिसात्म्यव्याधिसमुत्थानानि कालदेशोपशयवेदनाविशेषेण, गूढलिङ्गं व्याधिमुपशयानुपशयाभ्यां, दोषप्रमाणविशेषमपचारविशेषेण, आयुषः क्षयमरिष्टैः, उपस्थितश्रेयस्त्वं कल्याणाभिनिवेशेन, अमलं सत्त्वमविकारेण, ग्रहण्यास्तु मृदुदारुणत्वं स्वप्नदर्शनमभिप्रायं द्विष्टेष्टसुखदुःखानि चातुरपरिप्रश्नेनैव विद्यादिति ||८||

sanskrit

[Knowledge by inference] Charak observed that the objects known by direct perceptions are very limited, whereas the range of inference is fairly vast in areas that are not known by our means of perception, i.e., sense organs. Here, reasoning and logic already stated in scriptures need to be used. The following subjects could be understood through anumana (inference): 1. Agnim jaran shaktya- Digestion by quality and quantity of food taken and digested or not digested. 2. Balam vyayam shaktya- Physical strength of the person to be examined with the performance of the exercise or the physical work. 3. Shrotradeeni- shabdadi artha grahanena-The sensory ability with clarity and accuracy of perception of their respective objects. 4. Mano- avyabhicharnena - Inappropriate mental perceptions, even in the presence of all other senses along with their respective objects. Absence or altered perception indicates dissociation of mind with senses. 5. Vigyanam vyavsayena- skills can be judged by one’s occupation. 6. Rajah sangena - attachments by involvement 7. Moham avigyanena- confused state by lack of proper knowledge 8. Krodham abhidrohena- anger by choosing measures for revenge 9. Shokam dainyena- grief by pity appearance 10. Harsham aamoden- pleasure by way of celebrations. 11. Preetim Toshena- affection by satisfaction. 12. Bhayam vishadena- fear by duration and severity of anxiety. 13. Dhairyam avishadena - patience by facing adversities without fear and anxiety 14. Veeryam utthanena- bravery by way of initiation of difficult task 15. Avasthanam avibhramena- stability by absence of doubts and confusions 16. Shriddha abhiprayena- faith by purposiveness 17. Medha grahnena- wisdom by retaining threshold 18. Sangya namgrahanena- mental awakening instantaneous identification 19. Smriti smarnena- memory by recalling ability 20. Hriyam apatrapnena- shy by drooping of eyelids. 21. Sheelam anusheelnena- obedience by constant following 22. Dvesham pratishedhena- hatred by duration of staying away 23. Upadhi anubandhena- fraudulent attitude. 24. Dhriti alaulyena- tolerance by long standing and non shifting attitude 25. Vashyata vidheyataya- controllability by following of righteous conduct 26. Vaya kalen- age by chronological time 27. Bhakti deshen- liking a place, person and surroundings with opportunistic intentions. 28. Satmya upshayena- habituation by suitability 29. Vyadhi vedanaya- diseases by symptomatology 30. Goodha linga vyadhi- mysterious diseases by therapeutic measures 31. Dosha pramana- quantity of morbidity by potential causative factors 32. Aysha kshaya- near death signs of imminent death (Arishta) 33. Shreyatwam: signs of regaining health, when the patient thinks welfare of all. 34. Amalam Satwam- purity of mind by freedom from illusionary attachments. 35. Granyastu mridu darunatwam- abdominal comforts and discomforts by sleep quality and by interrogations.

english translation

ime tu khalvanye'pyevameva bhUyo'numAnajJeyA bhavanti bhAvAH| tadyathA- agniM jaraNazaktyA parIkSeta, balaM vyAyAmazaktyA, zrotrAdIni zabdAdyarthagrahaNena, mano'rthAvyabhicaraNena, vijJAnaM vyavasAyena, rajaHsaGgena, mohamavijJAnena, krodhamabhidroheNa, zokaM dainyena, harSamAmodena, prItiM toSeNa, bhayaM viSAdena, dhairyamaviSAdena, vIryamutthAnena, avasthAnamavibhrameNa, zraddhAmabhiprAyeNa, medhAM grahaNena, saJjJAM nAmagrahaNena, smRtiM smaraNena, hriyamapatrapaNena, zIlamanuzIlanena, dveSaM pratiSedhena, upadhimanubandhena , dhRtimalaulyena, vazyatAM vidheyatayA, vayobhaktisAtmyavyAdhisamutthAnAni kAladezopazayavedanAvizeSeNa, gUDhaliGgaM vyAdhimupazayAnupazayAbhyAM, doSapramANavizeSamapacAravizeSeNa, AyuSaH kSayamariSTaiH, upasthitazreyastvaM kalyANAbhinivezena, amalaM sattvamavikAreNa, grahaNyAstu mRdudAruNatvaM svapnadarzanamabhiprAyaM dviSTeSTasukhaduHkhAni cAturaparipraznenaiva vidyAditi ||8||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/vimana-sthana/4/8

इमे तु खल्वन्येऽप्येवमेव भूयोऽनुमानज्ञेया भवन्ति भावाः| तद्यथा- अग्निं जरणशक्त्या परीक्षेत, बलं व्यायामशक्त्या, श्रोत्रादीनि शब्दाद्यर्थग्रहणेन, मनोऽर्थाव्यभिचरणेन, विज्ञानं व्यवसायेन, रजःसङ्गेन, मोहमविज्ञानेन, क्रोधमभिद्रोहेण, शोकं दैन्येन, हर्षमामोदेन, प्रीतिं तोषेण, भयं विषादेन, धैर्यमविषादेन, वीर्यमुत्थानेन, अवस्थानमविभ्रमेण, श्रद्धामभिप्रायेण, मेधां ग्रहणेन, सञ्ज्ञां नामग्रहणेन, स्मृतिं स्मरणेन, ह्रियमपत्रपणेन, शीलमनुशीलनेन, द्वेषं प्रतिषेधेन, उपधिमनुबन्धेन , धृतिमलौल्येन, वश्यतां विधेयतया, वयोभक्तिसात्म्यव्याधिसमुत्थानानि कालदेशोपशयवेदनाविशेषेण, गूढलिङ्गं व्याधिमुपशयानुपशयाभ्यां, दोषप्रमाणविशेषमपचारविशेषेण, आयुषः क्षयमरिष्टैः, उपस्थितश्रेयस्त्वं कल्याणाभिनिवेशेन, अमलं सत्त्वमविकारेण, ग्रहण्यास्तु मृदुदारुणत्वं स्वप्नदर्शनमभिप्रायं द्विष्टेष्टसुखदुःखानि चातुरपरिप्रश्नेनैव विद्यादिति ||८||

sanskrit

[Knowledge by inference] Charak observed that the objects known by direct perceptions are very limited, whereas the range of inference is fairly vast in areas that are not known by our means of perception, i.e., sense organs. Here, reasoning and logic already stated in scriptures need to be used. The following subjects could be understood through anumana (inference): 1. Agnim jaran shaktya- Digestion by quality and quantity of food taken and digested or not digested. 2. Balam vyayam shaktya- Physical strength of the person to be examined with the performance of the exercise or the physical work. 3. Shrotradeeni- shabdadi artha grahanena-The sensory ability with clarity and accuracy of perception of their respective objects. 4. Mano- avyabhicharnena - Inappropriate mental perceptions, even in the presence of all other senses along with their respective objects. Absence or altered perception indicates dissociation of mind with senses. 5. Vigyanam vyavsayena- skills can be judged by one’s occupation. 6. Rajah sangena - attachments by involvement 7. Moham avigyanena- confused state by lack of proper knowledge 8. Krodham abhidrohena- anger by choosing measures for revenge 9. Shokam dainyena- grief by pity appearance 10. Harsham aamoden- pleasure by way of celebrations. 11. Preetim Toshena- affection by satisfaction. 12. Bhayam vishadena- fear by duration and severity of anxiety. 13. Dhairyam avishadena - patience by facing adversities without fear and anxiety 14. Veeryam utthanena- bravery by way of initiation of difficult task 15. Avasthanam avibhramena- stability by absence of doubts and confusions 16. Shriddha abhiprayena- faith by purposiveness 17. Medha grahnena- wisdom by retaining threshold 18. Sangya namgrahanena- mental awakening instantaneous identification 19. Smriti smarnena- memory by recalling ability 20. Hriyam apatrapnena- shy by drooping of eyelids. 21. Sheelam anusheelnena- obedience by constant following 22. Dvesham pratishedhena- hatred by duration of staying away 23. Upadhi anubandhena- fraudulent attitude. 24. Dhriti alaulyena- tolerance by long standing and non shifting attitude 25. Vashyata vidheyataya- controllability by following of righteous conduct 26. Vaya kalen- age by chronological time 27. Bhakti deshen- liking a place, person and surroundings with opportunistic intentions. 28. Satmya upshayena- habituation by suitability 29. Vyadhi vedanaya- diseases by symptomatology 30. Goodha linga vyadhi- mysterious diseases by therapeutic measures 31. Dosha pramana- quantity of morbidity by potential causative factors 32. Aysha kshaya- near death signs of imminent death (Arishta) 33. Shreyatwam: signs of regaining health, when the patient thinks welfare of all. 34. Amalam Satwam- purity of mind by freedom from illusionary attachments. 35. Granyastu mridu darunatwam- abdominal comforts and discomforts by sleep quality and by interrogations.

english translation

ime tu khalvanye'pyevameva bhUyo'numAnajJeyA bhavanti bhAvAH| tadyathA- agniM jaraNazaktyA parIkSeta, balaM vyAyAmazaktyA, zrotrAdIni zabdAdyarthagrahaNena, mano'rthAvyabhicaraNena, vijJAnaM vyavasAyena, rajaHsaGgena, mohamavijJAnena, krodhamabhidroheNa, zokaM dainyena, harSamAmodena, prItiM toSeNa, bhayaM viSAdena, dhairyamaviSAdena, vIryamutthAnena, avasthAnamavibhrameNa, zraddhAmabhiprAyeNa, medhAM grahaNena, saJjJAM nAmagrahaNena, smRtiM smaraNena, hriyamapatrapaNena, zIlamanuzIlanena, dveSaM pratiSedhena, upadhimanubandhena , dhRtimalaulyena, vazyatAM vidheyatayA, vayobhaktisAtmyavyAdhisamutthAnAni kAladezopazayavedanAvizeSeNa, gUDhaliGgaM vyAdhimupazayAnupazayAbhyAM, doSapramANavizeSamapacAravizeSeNa, AyuSaH kSayamariSTaiH, upasthitazreyastvaM kalyANAbhinivezena, amalaM sattvamavikAreNa, grahaNyAstu mRdudAruNatvaM svapnadarzanamabhiprAyaM dviSTeSTasukhaduHkhAni cAturaparipraznenaiva vidyAditi ||8||

hk transliteration