The physician who has no knowledge of his area of medicine or science proceeds in the realm of therapeutic management with too much fear and lack of confidence. Therefore never take treatment from an unknowledgeable physician.
Such a person regarding himself as a physician cures by chance a patient whose lifespan is certain (who was destined to survive) but kills hundreds having uncertain lifespan.
[Qualities of pranabhisara (life saviour) physician] Hence, a physician possessing four qualities - indulgence in scientific knowledge, clear understanding, right application, and practical experience - is known as the one who promotes life i.e. pranabhisara.
[Qualities of a royal physician] The physician, who possesses knowledge of etiology, symptomatology, therapeutics and prevention of diseases, is the best among physicians and is fit for becoming a royal physician.
[Qualities of ideal vaidya] The merits (good effect) and demerits (bad effects) of weapons, scriptures and water depend on their user. So, physician should purify his intellect (to remove the lacunae) before treating.