Charak Samhita

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/6

एते श्रुतवयोवृद्धा जितात्मानो महर्षयः| वने चैत्ररथे रम्ये समीयुर्विजिहीर्षवः ||६||

sanskrit

these great sages, advanced in scholarship, age and self-control- went to the beautiful forest of Chaitraratha on a pleasure trip.

english translation

ete zrutavayovRddhA jitAtmAno maharSayaH| vane caitrarathe ramye samIyurvijihIrSavaH ||6||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/7

तेषां तत्रोपविष्टानामियमर्थवती कथा| बभूवार्थविदां सम्यग्रसाहारविनिश्चये ||७||

sanskrit

While sitting there, they engaged in a historic dialogue on the correlation between rasa and diet.

english translation

teSAM tatropaviSTAnAmiyamarthavatI kathA| babhUvArthavidAM samyagrasAhAravinizcaye ||7||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/8

एक एव रस इत्युवाच भद्रकाप्यः, यं पञ्चानामिन्द्रियार्थानामन्यतमं जिह्वावैषयिकं भावमाचक्षते कुशलाः, स पुनरुदकादनन्य इति| द्वौ रसाविति शाकुन्तेयो ब्राह्मणः, छेदनीय उपशमनीयश्चेति| त्रयो रसा इति पूर्णाक्षो मौद्गल्यः, छेदनीयोपशमनीयसाधारणा इति| चत्वारो रसा इति हिरण्याक्षः कौशिकः, स्वादुर्हितश्च स्वादुरहितश्चास्वादुर्हितश्चास्वादुरहितश्चेति| पञ्च रसा इति कुमारशिरा भरद्वाजः, भौमौदकाग्नेयवायव्यान्तरिक्षाः| षड्रसा इति वार्योविदो राजर्षिः, गुरुलघुशीतोष्णस्निग्धरूक्षाः| सप्त रसा इति निमिर्वैदेहः, मधुराम्ललवणकटुतिक्तकषायक्षाराः| अष्टौ रसा इति बडिशोधामार्गवः,मधुराम्ललवणकटुतिक्तकषायक्षाराव्यक्ताः| अपरिसङ्ख्येया रसा इति काङ्कायनो बाह्लीकभिषक्, आश्रयगुणकर्मसंस्वादविशेषाणामपरिसङ्ख्येयत्वात् ||८||

sanskrit

[Discussion on rasa] “There is only one rasa”, said Bhadrakapya, “which is one of the five sense objects, being the object of gustatory organ, and not different from water". “Two rasas”, said the brahmana descendant of Shakunta, “and these are eliminating and pacifying”. "Three rasas”, said Purnakaksha, the descendant of Mudgala, “such as eliminating, pacifying and general (having both properties)". "Four rasas” said Hiranyaksha, the descendant of Kushika, “such as palatable wholesome, palatable unwholesome, impalatable wholesome and impalatable unwholesome." “Five rasas”, said Kumarashira Bharadwaja, “such as derived from the five basic elements- prithvi, jala, agni, vayu and akasha. “Six rasas”, said Vayorvida, the king sage, “such as heavy, light, cold, hot, unctuous and rough”. “Seven rasas”, said Nimi, (the king) of Videha, “such as sweet, sour, saline, pungent, bitter, astringent and alkaline”. "Eight rasas", said Badisha, belonging to the clan of Dhamargava, “such as sweet, sour, saline, pungent bitter, astringent, alkaline and unmanifested". “Rasas are innumerable”, said Kankayana, the physician of Bahlika, “because factors like substratum (substance), property, action and taste are innumerable".

english translation

eka eva rasa ityuvAca bhadrakApyaH, yaM paJcAnAmindriyArthAnAmanyatamaM jihvAvaiSayikaM bhAvamAcakSate kuzalAH, sa punarudakAdananya iti| dvau rasAviti zAkunteyo brAhmaNaH, chedanIya upazamanIyazceti| trayo rasA iti pUrNAkSo maudgalyaH, chedanIyopazamanIyasAdhAraNA iti| catvAro rasA iti hiraNyAkSaH kauzikaH, svAdurhitazca svAdurahitazcAsvAdurhitazcAsvAdurahitazceti| paJca rasA iti kumArazirA bharadvAjaH, bhaumaudakAgneyavAyavyAntarikSAH| SaDrasA iti vAryovido rAjarSiH, gurulaghuzItoSNasnigdharUkSAH| sapta rasA iti nimirvaidehaH, madhurAmlalavaNakaTutiktakaSAyakSArAH| aSTau rasA iti baDizodhAmArgavaH,madhurAmlalavaNakaTutiktakaSAyakSArAvyaktAH| aparisaGkhyeyA rasA iti kAGkAyano bAhlIkabhiSak, AzrayaguNakarmasaMsvAdavizeSANAmaparisaGkhyeyatvAt ||8||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/9

षडेव रसा इत्युवाच भगवानात्रेयः पुनर्वसुः, मधुराम्ललवणकटुतिक्तकषायाः| तेषां षण्णां रसानां योनिरुदकं, छेदनोपशमने द्वे कर्मणी, तयोर्मिश्रीभावात् साधारणत्वं, स्वाद्वस्वादुता भक्तिः, हिताहितौ प्रभावौ, पञ्चमहाभूतविकारास्त्वाश्रयाः प्रकृतिविकृतिविचारदेशकालवशाः, तेष्वाश्रयेषु द्रव्यसञ्ज्ञकेषु गुणा गुरुलघुशीतोष्णस्निग्धरूक्षाद्याः; क्षरणात् क्षारः,नासौ रसः द्रव्यं तदनेकरससमुत्पन्नमनेकरसं कटुकलवणभूयिष्ठमनेकेन्द्रियार्थसमन्वितं करणाभिनिर्वृत्तम्; अव्यक्तीभावस्तु खलु रसानां प्रकृतौ भवत्यनुरसेऽनुरससमन्विते वा द्रव्ये; अपरिसङ्ख्येयत्वं पुनस्तेषामाश्रयादीनां भावानां विशेषापरिसङ्ख्येयत्वान्न युक्तम्, एकैकोऽपि ह्येषामाश्रयादीनां भावानां विशेषानाश्रयते विशेषापरिसङ्ख्येयत्वात्, न च तस्मादन्यत्वमुपपद्यते; परस्परसंसृष्टभूयिष्ठत्वान्न चैषामभिनिर्वृत्तेर्गुणप्रकृतीनामपरिसङ्ख्येयत्वं भवति; तस्मान्न संसृष्टानां रसानां कर्मोपदिशन्ति बुद्धिमन्तः| तच्चैव कारणमपेक्षमाणाः षण्णां रसानां परस्परेणासंसृष्टानां लक्षणपृथक्त्वमुपदेक्ष्यामः ||९||

sanskrit

[Conclusion by Lord Atreya] (After this) Lord Punarvasu Atreya said, "Rasas are only six: madhura (sweet), amla (sour), lavana (saline), katu (pungent), tikta (bitter) and kashaya (astringent). Their primordial source is water. Elimination and pacification the two actions, in moderate both being mixed up. Palatability or otherwise are subjective likings. Wholesome and unwholesome are effects. The products of five mahabhuta (prithvi, jala, agni, vayu and akasha) are actually the substratum of rasas dependent on the natural composition, products, preparation, place and time. Heavy, light, cold, hot, unctuous, rough, etc. are the properties residing in those substrata known as dravya (substance or drug). Kshara is called such because of ksharana (having been poured out or having corrosive action). It is not a rasa, but a dravya (substance) having been derived from many rasas and having the amalgamations of many rasas - predominantly katu (pungent) and lavana (saline) - and produced by a particular method of preparation. Unmanifestedness is there in primordial source of rasa, anurasa (secondary rasa) and in the substance having anurasa. Countlessness of rasas because of countlessness of factors like substratum etc. is not a convincing hypothesis because even a single rasa is attached to innumerable factors like substratum etc. and yet it does not forego its identity. Even in cases of combinations of rasas, there is no innumerableness of its primordial source, natural properties and actions. That is why the intelligent ones do not describe the action of the combined rasas. Based on this fact, (I) will describe the characters of uncombined six rasas separately.”

english translation

SaDeva rasA ityuvAca bhagavAnAtreyaH punarvasuH, madhurAmlalavaNakaTutiktakaSAyAH| teSAM SaNNAM rasAnAM yonirudakaM, chedanopazamane dve karmaNI, tayormizrIbhAvAt sAdhAraNatvaM, svAdvasvAdutA bhaktiH, hitAhitau prabhAvau, paJcamahAbhUtavikArAstvAzrayAH prakRtivikRtivicAradezakAlavazAH, teSvAzrayeSu dravyasaJjJakeSu guNA gurulaghuzItoSNasnigdharUkSAdyAH; kSaraNAt kSAraH,nAsau rasaH dravyaM tadanekarasasamutpannamanekarasaM kaTukalavaNabhUyiSThamanekendriyArthasamanvitaM karaNAbhinirvRttam; avyaktIbhAvastu khalu rasAnAM prakRtau bhavatyanurase'nurasasamanvite vA dravye; aparisaGkhyeyatvaM punasteSAmAzrayAdInAM bhAvAnAM vizeSAparisaGkhyeyatvAnna yuktam, ekaiko'pi hyeSAmAzrayAdInAM bhAvAnAM vizeSAnAzrayate vizeSAparisaGkhyeyatvAt, na ca tasmAdanyatvamupapadyate; parasparasaMsRSTabhUyiSThatvAnna caiSAmabhinirvRtterguNaprakRtInAmaparisaGkhyeyatvaM bhavati; tasmAnna saMsRSTAnAM rasAnAM karmopadizanti buddhimantaH| taccaiva kAraNamapekSamANAH SaNNAM rasAnAM paraspareNAsaMsRSTAnAM lakSaNapRthaktvamupadekSyAmaH ||9||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/10

अग्रे तु तावद्द्रव्यभेदमभिप्रेत्य किञ्चिदभिधास्यामः| सर्वं द्रव्यं पाञ्चभौतिकमस्मिन्नर्थे; तच्चेतनावदचेतनं च, तस्य गुणाः शब्दादयो गुर्वादयश्च द्रवान्ताः, कर्म पञ्चविधमुक्तं वमनादि ||१०||

sanskrit

[Panchamahabhuta: The Five Elements, their properties and actions] “First of all, I will tell something about the drugs. In this context, a drug constitutes of five bhutas: prithvi, apa, tejas, vayu and akasha. It is (of two types) sentient and insentient. Its properties are shabda etc. and those from guru to drava, and its action are said to be five-fold-vamana etc”.

english translation

agre tu tAvaddravyabhedamabhipretya kiJcidabhidhAsyAmaH| sarvaM dravyaM pAJcabhautikamasminnarthe; taccetanAvadacetanaM ca, tasya guNAH zabdAdayo gurvAdayazca dravAntAH, karma paJcavidhamuktaM vamanAdi ||10||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/6

एते श्रुतवयोवृद्धा जितात्मानो महर्षयः| वने चैत्ररथे रम्ये समीयुर्विजिहीर्षवः ||६||

sanskrit

these great sages, advanced in scholarship, age and self-control- went to the beautiful forest of Chaitraratha on a pleasure trip.

english translation

ete zrutavayovRddhA jitAtmAno maharSayaH| vane caitrarathe ramye samIyurvijihIrSavaH ||6||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/7

तेषां तत्रोपविष्टानामियमर्थवती कथा| बभूवार्थविदां सम्यग्रसाहारविनिश्चये ||७||

sanskrit

While sitting there, they engaged in a historic dialogue on the correlation between rasa and diet.

english translation

teSAM tatropaviSTAnAmiyamarthavatI kathA| babhUvArthavidAM samyagrasAhAravinizcaye ||7||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/8

एक एव रस इत्युवाच भद्रकाप्यः, यं पञ्चानामिन्द्रियार्थानामन्यतमं जिह्वावैषयिकं भावमाचक्षते कुशलाः, स पुनरुदकादनन्य इति| द्वौ रसाविति शाकुन्तेयो ब्राह्मणः, छेदनीय उपशमनीयश्चेति| त्रयो रसा इति पूर्णाक्षो मौद्गल्यः, छेदनीयोपशमनीयसाधारणा इति| चत्वारो रसा इति हिरण्याक्षः कौशिकः, स्वादुर्हितश्च स्वादुरहितश्चास्वादुर्हितश्चास्वादुरहितश्चेति| पञ्च रसा इति कुमारशिरा भरद्वाजः, भौमौदकाग्नेयवायव्यान्तरिक्षाः| षड्रसा इति वार्योविदो राजर्षिः, गुरुलघुशीतोष्णस्निग्धरूक्षाः| सप्त रसा इति निमिर्वैदेहः, मधुराम्ललवणकटुतिक्तकषायक्षाराः| अष्टौ रसा इति बडिशोधामार्गवः,मधुराम्ललवणकटुतिक्तकषायक्षाराव्यक्ताः| अपरिसङ्ख्येया रसा इति काङ्कायनो बाह्लीकभिषक्, आश्रयगुणकर्मसंस्वादविशेषाणामपरिसङ्ख्येयत्वात् ||८||

sanskrit

[Discussion on rasa] “There is only one rasa”, said Bhadrakapya, “which is one of the five sense objects, being the object of gustatory organ, and not different from water". “Two rasas”, said the brahmana descendant of Shakunta, “and these are eliminating and pacifying”. "Three rasas”, said Purnakaksha, the descendant of Mudgala, “such as eliminating, pacifying and general (having both properties)". "Four rasas” said Hiranyaksha, the descendant of Kushika, “such as palatable wholesome, palatable unwholesome, impalatable wholesome and impalatable unwholesome." “Five rasas”, said Kumarashira Bharadwaja, “such as derived from the five basic elements- prithvi, jala, agni, vayu and akasha. “Six rasas”, said Vayorvida, the king sage, “such as heavy, light, cold, hot, unctuous and rough”. “Seven rasas”, said Nimi, (the king) of Videha, “such as sweet, sour, saline, pungent, bitter, astringent and alkaline”. "Eight rasas", said Badisha, belonging to the clan of Dhamargava, “such as sweet, sour, saline, pungent bitter, astringent, alkaline and unmanifested". “Rasas are innumerable”, said Kankayana, the physician of Bahlika, “because factors like substratum (substance), property, action and taste are innumerable".

english translation

eka eva rasa ityuvAca bhadrakApyaH, yaM paJcAnAmindriyArthAnAmanyatamaM jihvAvaiSayikaM bhAvamAcakSate kuzalAH, sa punarudakAdananya iti| dvau rasAviti zAkunteyo brAhmaNaH, chedanIya upazamanIyazceti| trayo rasA iti pUrNAkSo maudgalyaH, chedanIyopazamanIyasAdhAraNA iti| catvAro rasA iti hiraNyAkSaH kauzikaH, svAdurhitazca svAdurahitazcAsvAdurhitazcAsvAdurahitazceti| paJca rasA iti kumArazirA bharadvAjaH, bhaumaudakAgneyavAyavyAntarikSAH| SaDrasA iti vAryovido rAjarSiH, gurulaghuzItoSNasnigdharUkSAH| sapta rasA iti nimirvaidehaH, madhurAmlalavaNakaTutiktakaSAyakSArAH| aSTau rasA iti baDizodhAmArgavaH,madhurAmlalavaNakaTutiktakaSAyakSArAvyaktAH| aparisaGkhyeyA rasA iti kAGkAyano bAhlIkabhiSak, AzrayaguNakarmasaMsvAdavizeSANAmaparisaGkhyeyatvAt ||8||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/9

षडेव रसा इत्युवाच भगवानात्रेयः पुनर्वसुः, मधुराम्ललवणकटुतिक्तकषायाः| तेषां षण्णां रसानां योनिरुदकं, छेदनोपशमने द्वे कर्मणी, तयोर्मिश्रीभावात् साधारणत्वं, स्वाद्वस्वादुता भक्तिः, हिताहितौ प्रभावौ, पञ्चमहाभूतविकारास्त्वाश्रयाः प्रकृतिविकृतिविचारदेशकालवशाः, तेष्वाश्रयेषु द्रव्यसञ्ज्ञकेषु गुणा गुरुलघुशीतोष्णस्निग्धरूक्षाद्याः; क्षरणात् क्षारः,नासौ रसः द्रव्यं तदनेकरससमुत्पन्नमनेकरसं कटुकलवणभूयिष्ठमनेकेन्द्रियार्थसमन्वितं करणाभिनिर्वृत्तम्; अव्यक्तीभावस्तु खलु रसानां प्रकृतौ भवत्यनुरसेऽनुरससमन्विते वा द्रव्ये; अपरिसङ्ख्येयत्वं पुनस्तेषामाश्रयादीनां भावानां विशेषापरिसङ्ख्येयत्वान्न युक्तम्, एकैकोऽपि ह्येषामाश्रयादीनां भावानां विशेषानाश्रयते विशेषापरिसङ्ख्येयत्वात्, न च तस्मादन्यत्वमुपपद्यते; परस्परसंसृष्टभूयिष्ठत्वान्न चैषामभिनिर्वृत्तेर्गुणप्रकृतीनामपरिसङ्ख्येयत्वं भवति; तस्मान्न संसृष्टानां रसानां कर्मोपदिशन्ति बुद्धिमन्तः| तच्चैव कारणमपेक्षमाणाः षण्णां रसानां परस्परेणासंसृष्टानां लक्षणपृथक्त्वमुपदेक्ष्यामः ||९||

sanskrit

[Conclusion by Lord Atreya] (After this) Lord Punarvasu Atreya said, "Rasas are only six: madhura (sweet), amla (sour), lavana (saline), katu (pungent), tikta (bitter) and kashaya (astringent). Their primordial source is water. Elimination and pacification the two actions, in moderate both being mixed up. Palatability or otherwise are subjective likings. Wholesome and unwholesome are effects. The products of five mahabhuta (prithvi, jala, agni, vayu and akasha) are actually the substratum of rasas dependent on the natural composition, products, preparation, place and time. Heavy, light, cold, hot, unctuous, rough, etc. are the properties residing in those substrata known as dravya (substance or drug). Kshara is called such because of ksharana (having been poured out or having corrosive action). It is not a rasa, but a dravya (substance) having been derived from many rasas and having the amalgamations of many rasas - predominantly katu (pungent) and lavana (saline) - and produced by a particular method of preparation. Unmanifestedness is there in primordial source of rasa, anurasa (secondary rasa) and in the substance having anurasa. Countlessness of rasas because of countlessness of factors like substratum etc. is not a convincing hypothesis because even a single rasa is attached to innumerable factors like substratum etc. and yet it does not forego its identity. Even in cases of combinations of rasas, there is no innumerableness of its primordial source, natural properties and actions. That is why the intelligent ones do not describe the action of the combined rasas. Based on this fact, (I) will describe the characters of uncombined six rasas separately.”

english translation

SaDeva rasA ityuvAca bhagavAnAtreyaH punarvasuH, madhurAmlalavaNakaTutiktakaSAyAH| teSAM SaNNAM rasAnAM yonirudakaM, chedanopazamane dve karmaNI, tayormizrIbhAvAt sAdhAraNatvaM, svAdvasvAdutA bhaktiH, hitAhitau prabhAvau, paJcamahAbhUtavikArAstvAzrayAH prakRtivikRtivicAradezakAlavazAH, teSvAzrayeSu dravyasaJjJakeSu guNA gurulaghuzItoSNasnigdharUkSAdyAH; kSaraNAt kSAraH,nAsau rasaH dravyaM tadanekarasasamutpannamanekarasaM kaTukalavaNabhUyiSThamanekendriyArthasamanvitaM karaNAbhinirvRttam; avyaktIbhAvastu khalu rasAnAM prakRtau bhavatyanurase'nurasasamanvite vA dravye; aparisaGkhyeyatvaM punasteSAmAzrayAdInAM bhAvAnAM vizeSAparisaGkhyeyatvAnna yuktam, ekaiko'pi hyeSAmAzrayAdInAM bhAvAnAM vizeSAnAzrayate vizeSAparisaGkhyeyatvAt, na ca tasmAdanyatvamupapadyate; parasparasaMsRSTabhUyiSThatvAnna caiSAmabhinirvRtterguNaprakRtInAmaparisaGkhyeyatvaM bhavati; tasmAnna saMsRSTAnAM rasAnAM karmopadizanti buddhimantaH| taccaiva kAraNamapekSamANAH SaNNAM rasAnAM paraspareNAsaMsRSTAnAM lakSaNapRthaktvamupadekSyAmaH ||9||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sutra-sthana/26/10

अग्रे तु तावद्द्रव्यभेदमभिप्रेत्य किञ्चिदभिधास्यामः| सर्वं द्रव्यं पाञ्चभौतिकमस्मिन्नर्थे; तच्चेतनावदचेतनं च, तस्य गुणाः शब्दादयो गुर्वादयश्च द्रवान्ताः, कर्म पञ्चविधमुक्तं वमनादि ||१०||

sanskrit

[Panchamahabhuta: The Five Elements, their properties and actions] “First of all, I will tell something about the drugs. In this context, a drug constitutes of five bhutas: prithvi, apa, tejas, vayu and akasha. It is (of two types) sentient and insentient. Its properties are shabda etc. and those from guru to drava, and its action are said to be five-fold-vamana etc”.

english translation

agre tu tAvaddravyabhedamabhipretya kiJcidabhidhAsyAmaH| sarvaM dravyaM pAJcabhautikamasminnarthe; taccetanAvadacetanaM ca, tasya guNAH zabdAdayo gurvAdayazca dravAntAH, karma paJcavidhamuktaM vamanAdi ||10||

hk transliteration