Charak Samhita
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अथातो महारोगाध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ॥१॥
Now we shall expound the chapter "Maharoga" (Dosha specific classification of diseases).
english translation
athAto mahArogAdhyAyaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH ॥1॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptइति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः ॥२॥
Thus said Lord Atreya.
english translation
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH ॥2॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptचत्वारो रोगा भवन्ति- आगन्तुवातपित्तश्लेष्मनिमित्ताः; तेषां चतुर्णामपि रोगाणां रोगत्वमेकविधं भवति, रुक्सामान्यात्;द्विविधा पुनः प्रकृतिरेषाम्, आगन्तुनिजविभागात्; द्विविधं चैषामधिष्ठानं, मनःशरीरविशेषात्; विकाराःपुनरपरिसङ्ख्येयाः, प्रकृत्यधिष्ठानलिङ्गायतनविकल्पविशेषापरिसङ्ख्येयत्वात् ॥३॥
॥ Classification of diseases॥ There are four types of diseases viz. agantuja (exogenous), vataja, pittaja and shleshmaja/kaphaja. All varieties of diseases may be grouped under one classification because pain is common to all. They are again of two types depending on their nature- exogenous and endogenous. They are again of two types - somatic and psychic-depending on the sites of their manifestation i.e. body and mind. Diseases are in fact innumerable (dhatu affected, signs and symptoms), distant causes (like improper diet and regimen), and permutation and combination of various fractions of dosha are innumerable.
english translation
catvAro rogA bhavanti- AgantuvAtapittazleSmanimittAH; teSAM caturNAmapi rogANAM rogatvamekavidhaM bhavati, ruksAmAnyAt;dvividhA punaH prakRtireSAm, AgantunijavibhAgAt; dvividhaM caiSAmadhiSThAnaM, manaHzarIravizeSAt; vikArAHpunaraparisaGkhyeyAH, prakRtyadhiSThAnaliGgAyatanavikalpavizeSAparisaGkhyeyatvAt ॥3॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptमुखानि तु खल्वागन्तोर्नखदशनपतनाभिचाराभिशापाभिषङ्गाभिघातव्यध-बन्धनवेष्टनपीडनरज्जुदहनशस्त्राशनिभूतोपसर्गादीनि, निजस्य तु मुखं वातपित्तश्लेष्मणां वैषम्यम् ॥४॥
॥ Etiological factors of diseases॥ While exogenous diseases are caused by nails, teeth bites (of wild animals), fall, malevolent spells, curse, psychic afflictions including assault, piercing, bondage, wrapping, application of pressure, binding by rope, fire, weapon, thunderbolt, demoniac seizure, and natural calamities. Endogenous diseases are caused by the disturbance in the equilibrium of vata, pitta and kapha dosha.
english translation
mukhAni tu khalvAgantornakhadazanapatanAbhicArAbhizApAbhiSaGgAbhighAtavyadha-bandhanaveSTanapIDanarajjudahanazastrAzanibhUtopasargAdIni, nijasya tu mukhaM vAtapittazleSmaNAM vaiSamyam ॥4॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptद्वयोस्तु खल्वागन्तुनिजयोः प्रेरणमसात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः, प्रज्ञापराधः, परिणामश्चेति ॥५॥
॥ Three major causes of diseases॥ Unwholesome contact between sense organs and their objects, intellectual defects and effects of time constitute the common causative factors for both the exogenous and endogenous types of diseases.
english translation
dvayostu khalvAgantunijayoH preraNamasAtmyendriyArthasaMyogaH, prajJAparAdhaH, pariNAmazceti ॥5॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript