Charak Samhita

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इति त्रिविधविकल्पं त्रिविधमेव कर्म प्रज्ञापराध इति व्यवस्येत् ||४१|

sanskrit

Three types of vikalpa (atiyoga, ayoga and mithyayoga) and three actions (speech, mind and body) comes under category of deeds done of prajnaparadha (intellectual defects).

english translation

iti trividhavikalpaM trividhameva karma prajJAparAdha iti vyavasyet ||41|

hk transliteration

शीतोष्णवर्षलक्षणाः पुनर्हेमन्तग्रीष्मवर्षाः संवत्सरः, स कालः| तत्रातिमात्रस्वलक्षणः कालः कालातियोगः, हीनस्वलक्षणः (कालः) कालायोगः, यथास्वलक्षणविपरीतलक्षणस्तु (कालः)कालमिथ्यायोगः| कालः पुनः परिणाम उच्यते ||४२||

sanskrit

[Kala or Parinama (time)] Time span of a year is divided into sheeta (winter season), ushna (summer season) and rainy season. Which is further divided into six seasons namely hemanta- shishira (winter), vasanta- grishma (summer), varsha-sharada (rains). The manifestation of particular season in excess be regarded as kala atiyoga (excessive utilization), if season manifests in lesser measure, termed as ayoga (non-utilization). On the other hand, if manifestation of the season is contrary with normal, this is mithyayoga (wrong utilization) of the kala (season).

english translation

zItoSNavarSalakSaNAH punarhemantagrISmavarSAH saMvatsaraH, sa kAlaH| tatrAtimAtrasvalakSaNaH kAlaH kAlAtiyogaH, hInasvalakSaNaH (kAlaH) kAlAyogaH, yathAsvalakSaNaviparItalakSaNastu (kAlaH)kAlamithyAyogaH| kAlaH punaH pariNAma ucyate ||42||

hk transliteration

इत्यसात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः, प्रज्ञापराधः, परिणामश्चेति त्रयस्त्रिविधविकल्पा हेतवो विकाराणां; समयोगयुक्तास्तु प्रकृतिहेतवोभवन्ति ||४३||

sanskrit

The asatmyaindriyarthsamyoga (unwholesome union) of the sense organs with their objects, prajnaparadha (intellectual defect) and parinama (seasonal effects) along with three types (atiyoga, ayoga and mithyayoga) are the three causes of diseases. Samyoga (proper utilization) of sense organs, actions and time are beneficial for maintenance of health.

english translation

ityasAtmyendriyArthasaMyogaH, prajJAparAdhaH, pariNAmazceti trayastrividhavikalpA hetavo vikArANAM; samayogayuktAstu prakRtihetavobhavanti ||43||

hk transliteration

सर्वेषामेव भावानां भावाभावौ नान्तरेण योगायोगातियोगमिथ्यायोगान् समुपलभ्येते; यथास्वयुक्त्यपेक्षिणौ हि भावाभावौ ||४४||

sanskrit

All the objects in this universe have bhava (presence) and abhava (absence) which can be recognized by their yoga (proper maintenance), ayoga (non utilization), atiyoga (excessive utilization) and mithyayoga (improper utilization). Because bhava needs yukti (reasoning) for recognition but abhava does not depend on yukti.

english translation

sarveSAmeva bhAvAnAM bhAvAbhAvau nAntareNa yogAyogAtiyogamithyAyogAn samupalabhyete; yathAsvayuktyapekSiNau hi bhAvAbhAvau ||44||

hk transliteration

त्रयो रोगा इति- निजागन्तुमानसाः| तत्र निजः शारीरदोषसमुत्थः, आगन्तुर्भूतविषवाय्वग्निसम्प्रहारादिसमुत्थः, मानसः पुनरिष्टस्यलाभाल्लाभाच्चानिष्टस्योपजायते ||४५||

sanskrit

[Three Types of Diseases] There are three types of diseases – Nija (endogenous), agantuja (exogenous) and manasa (psychological). Nija vyadhi (endogenous diseases) are caused by vitiation of body doshas (vata, pitta and kapha). Agantuja (exogenous diseases) are caused bhuta (invisible organisms), poisonous substances, wind, fire and trauma. Manasa (psychological diseases) are caused by conflict between not getting the desired things and getting non desired things.

english translation

trayo rogA iti- nijAgantumAnasAH| tatra nijaH zArIradoSasamutthaH, AganturbhUtaviSavAyvagnisamprahArAdisamutthaH, mAnasaH punariSTasyalAbhAllAbhAccAniSTasyopajAyate ||45||

hk transliteration