Charak Samhita

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/4/36

त्रिविधं खलु सत्त्वं- शुद्धं, राजसं, तामसमिति| तत्र शुद्धमदोषमाख्यातं कल्याणांशत्वात्, राजसं सदोषमाख्यातं रोषांशत्वात्, तामसमपि सदोषमाख्यातं मोहांशत्वात्| तेषां तु त्रयाणामपि सत्त्वानामेकैकस्य भेदाग्रमपरिसङ्ख्येयं तरतमयोगाच्छरीरयोनिविशेषेभ्यश्चान्योन्यानुविधानत्वाच्च| शरीरं ह्यपि सत्त्वमनुविधीयते, सत्त्वं च शरीरम्| तस्मात् कतिचित्सत्त्वभेदाननूकाभिनिर्देशेन निदर्शनार्थमनुव्याख्यास्यामः ||३६||

sanskrit

The mind is of three types – pure sattvika, rajasika and tamasika. The pure sattvika one is free from causing abnormalities as it is gifted with auspiciousness; whereas the rajasika type is impure because it promotes furious temperament. In the same way, the tamasika one is similarly impure because of bewilderment. Each of these three types of mind can be sub-divided into innumerable forms owing to comparative proportions and type of body and origin of the body it resides into. The body influences the mind and vice versa. Therefore, some of the varieties of mind have been described briefly depicting their resemblance with recognized symbols.

english translation

trividhaM khalu sattvaM- zuddhaM, rAjasaM, tAmasamiti| tatra zuddhamadoSamAkhyAtaM kalyANAMzatvAt, rAjasaM sadoSamAkhyAtaM roSAMzatvAt, tAmasamapi sadoSamAkhyAtaM mohAMzatvAt| teSAM tu trayANAmapi sattvAnAmekaikasya bhedAgramaparisaGkhyeyaM taratamayogAccharIrayonivizeSebhyazcAnyonyAnuvidhAnatvAcca| zarIraM hyapi sattvamanuvidhIyate, sattvaM ca zarIram| tasmAt katicitsattvabhedAnanUkAbhinirdezena nidarzanArthamanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH ||36||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/4/37

तद्यथा- शुचिं सत्याभिसन्धं जितात्मानं संविभागिनं ज्ञानविज्ञानवचनप्रतिवचनसम्पन्नं स्मृतिमन्तंकामक्रोधलोभमानमोहेर्ष्याहर्षामर्षापेतं समं सर्वभूतेषु ब्राह्मं विद्यात् (१)| इज्याध्ययनव्रतहोमब्रह्मचर्यपरमतिथिव्रतमुपशान्तमदमानरागद्वेषमोहलोभरोषंप्रतिभावचनविज्ञानोपधारणशक्तिसम्पन्नमार्षं विद्यात् (२)| ऐश्वर्यवन्तमादेयवाक्यं यज्वानं शूरमोजस्विनं तेजसोपेतमक्लिष्टकर्माणं दीर्घदर्शिनं धर्मार्थकामाभिरतमैन्द्रं विद्यात् (३)| लेखास्थवृत्तं प्राप्तकारिणमसम्प्रहार्यमुत्थानवन्तं स्मृतिमन्तमैश्वर्यलम्भिनं [५३] व्यपगतरागेर्ष्याद्वेषमोहं याम्यं विद्यात् (४))| शूरं धीरं शुचिमशुचिद्वेषिणं यज्वानमम्भोविहाररतिमक्लिष्टकर्माणं स्थानकोपप्रसादं वारुणं विद्यात् (५)| स्थानमानोपभोगपरिवारसम्पन्नं धर्मार्थकामनित्यं शुचिं सुखविहारं व्यक्तकोपप्रसादं कौबेरं विद्यात् (६)| प्रियनृत्यगीतवादित्रोल्लापकश्लोकाख्यायिकेतिहासपुराणेषु कुशलं गन्धमाल्यानुलेपनवसनस्त्रीविहारकामनित्यमनसूयकंगान्धर्वं विद्यात् (७)| इत्येवं शुद्धस्य सत्त्वस्य सप्तविधं भेदांशं विद्यात् कल्याणांशत्वात्; तत्संयोगात्तु ब्राह्ममत्यन्तशुद्धं व्यवस्येत् ||३७||

sanskrit

[Seven types of sattva dominant psychic constitution] The pure sattvika type of mind is positive and is of seven categories. Their distinguishing features are furnished in the statement given below: 1. Brahma (giving out the qualities of Brahma): Clean, love for truth, having control over self, power of eliminating bias, capable of learning, perceptive, power of description, reply and memory. Freedom from overenthusiasm, anger, greediness, self-esteem, lack of knowledge, envy, misery and narrow-mindedness and favorable outlook equally for all the individuals. The individuals having such qualities should be known as Brahma in mind. 2. Arsha (giving out the qualities of rishis): Dedication to holy rituals, study, sacred vows, oblations and celibacy, welcoming nature to the guest. Has freedom from self-importance, self-esteem, affection, detestation, lack of knowledge, greed and annoyance. The person is capable of intellectual excellence and eloquence, power of understanding and retention. The individuals having such qualities should be known as Arsha in mind. 3. Aindra (giving out the qualities of Indra): Supremacy and trustworthy words, involved in holy rituals, endowed with bravery, strength and splendor, involved in good acts, far sightedness, always engaged in achievement of virtue, wealth, devotion to virtuous acts, earning of wealth and pleasure. The individuals having such qualities should be known as Indra in mind. 4. Yamya (giving out the qualities of Yama): Observance of the humility of actions, timely instigation of dealings, non- aggressive, accomplished with promptness and memory, attaining supremacy, free from affection, jealousy, detestation and ignorance. The individuals having such qualities should be known as Yama in mind. 5. Varuna (giving out the qualities of Varuna): Bravery, patience, clean and disliking for uncleanliness, engaged in holy rituals, affection for enjoyment in water, hatred for mean-actions, expression of anger and happiness in proper time and place. The individuals having such qualities should be known as Varuna in mind. 6. Kaubera (giving out the qualities of Kubera): Capable of position, honor, luxuries and having family members (attendants), constantly involved in virtuous acts, wealth and satisfaction of desires, clean, comfortable movement, obvious annoyance and happiness. The individuals having such qualities should be known as Kaubera in mind. 7. Gandharva (giving out the qualities of Gandharva): Fond of dancing, singing, music and praise, expert in poetry, stories, historical narrations and epics, constantly use scents, garlands, pastes, clothing, engaged with women and passion. The individuals having such qualities should be known as Gandharva in mind. As a result, the pure mind has been divided in to seven types because of advantageous character. Brahma is considered as purest due to predominance of pure mind.

english translation

tadyathA- zuciM satyAbhisandhaM jitAtmAnaM saMvibhAginaM jJAnavijJAnavacanaprativacanasampannaM smRtimantaMkAmakrodhalobhamAnamoherSyAharSAmarSApetaM samaM sarvabhUteSu brAhmaM vidyAt (1)| ijyAdhyayanavratahomabrahmacaryaparamatithivratamupazAntamadamAnarAgadveSamohalobharoSaMpratibhAvacanavijJAnopadhAraNazaktisampannamArSaM vidyAt (2)| aizvaryavantamAdeyavAkyaM yajvAnaM zUramojasvinaM tejasopetamakliSTakarmANaM dIrghadarzinaM dharmArthakAmAbhiratamaindraM vidyAt (3)| lekhAsthavRttaM prAptakAriNamasamprahAryamutthAnavantaM smRtimantamaizvaryalambhinaM [53] vyapagatarAgerSyAdveSamohaM yAmyaM vidyAt (4))| zUraM dhIraM zucimazucidveSiNaM yajvAnamambhovihAraratimakliSTakarmANaM sthAnakopaprasAdaM vAruNaM vidyAt (5)| sthAnamAnopabhogaparivArasampannaM dharmArthakAmanityaM zuciM sukhavihAraM vyaktakopaprasAdaM kauberaM vidyAt (6)| priyanRtyagItavAditrollApakazlokAkhyAyiketihAsapurANeSu kuzalaM gandhamAlyAnulepanavasanastrIvihArakAmanityamanasUyakaMgAndharvaM vidyAt (7)| ityevaM zuddhasya sattvasya saptavidhaM bhedAMzaM vidyAt kalyANAMzatvAt; tatsaMyogAttu brAhmamatyantazuddhaM vyavasyet ||37||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/4/38

शूरं चण्डमसूयकमैश्वर्यवन्तमौपधिकं रौद्रमननुक्रोशमात्मपूजकमासुरं विद्यात् (१)| अमर्षिणमनुबन्धकोपं छिद्रप्रहारिणं क्रूरमाहारातिमात्ररुचिमामिषप्रियतमं स्वप्नायासबहुलमीर्ष्युं राक्षसं विद्यात् (२)| महाशनं [५७] स्त्रैणं स्त्रीरहस्काममशुचिं शुचिद्वेषिणं भीरुं भीषयितारं विकृतविहाराहारशीलं पैशाचं विद्यात् (३)| क्रुद्धशूरमक्रुद्धभीरुं तीक्ष्णमायासबहुलं सन्त्रस्तगोचरमाहारविहारपरं [५८] सार्पं विद्यात् (४)| आहारकाममतिदुःखशीलाचारोपचारमसूयकमसंविभागिनमतिलोलुपमकर्मशीलं प्रैतं विद्यात् (५)| अनुषक्तकाममजस्रमाहारविहारपरमनवस्थितममर्षणमसञ्चयं शाकुनं विद्यात् (६)| इत्येवं खलु राजसस्य सत्त्वस्य षङ्विधं भेदांशं विद्यात्, रोषांशत्वात् ||३८||

sanskrit

[Six types of rajas dominant psychic constitution] The rajasika type of mind represents wrathful disposition and is of six types: 1. Asura: Brave, cruel, jealousy, supremacy, fraudulent, violent, lack of kindness, self praising individuals should be designated as asura mind. 2. Rakshasa: Intolerant with annoyance, attacking at weak points, cruel, fond of overeating, most desirous for meat, indulged more in sleep and hard work and jealous individuals should be designated as rakshasa mind. 3. Paishacha (sharing the traits of pishacha): Voracious habit, fond of women, desire for staying with women in secluded place, unclean, have an aversion for cleanliness, fearfulness and terrifying disposition, and habitual user of abnormal diet and regimens individuals should be designated as paishacha mind. 4. Sarpa (sharing the traits of sarpa or snake): Bravery when in furious disposition and cowardice when not in furious disposition, sharp reaction, excessive hard worker, terrorizing, indulged in food and regimens with a fearful temperament. 5. Praita (sharing the traits of a praita): Extreme craving for food, extremely painful disposition in character, jealousness, actions with prejudice, extreme meanness and inactive individuals should be designated as praita mind. 6. Shakuna (sharing the traits of a shakuni or bird): Passionate, excessively indulged in food and regimen, unstable, intolerant, and un-acquisitiveness. Such individuals should be designated as shakuna mind. In this way, six types of rajas sattva are described, all of them having agitation quality in common.

english translation

zUraM caNDamasUyakamaizvaryavantamaupadhikaM raudramananukrozamAtmapUjakamAsuraM vidyAt (1)| amarSiNamanubandhakopaM chidraprahAriNaM krUramAhArAtimAtrarucimAmiSapriyatamaM svapnAyAsabahulamIrSyuM rAkSasaM vidyAt (2)| mahAzanaM [57] straiNaM strIrahaskAmamazuciM zucidveSiNaM bhIruM bhISayitAraM vikRtavihArAhArazIlaM paizAcaM vidyAt (3)| kruddhazUramakruddhabhIruM tIkSNamAyAsabahulaM santrastagocaramAhAravihAraparaM [58] sArpaM vidyAt (4)| AhArakAmamatiduHkhazIlAcAropacAramasUyakamasaMvibhAginamatilolupamakarmazIlaM praitaM vidyAt (5)| anuSaktakAmamajasramAhAravihAraparamanavasthitamamarSaNamasaJcayaM zAkunaM vidyAt (6)| ityevaM khalu rAjasasya sattvasya SaGvidhaM bhedAMzaM vidyAt, roSAMzatvAt ||38||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/4/39

निराकरिष्णुममेधसं जुगुप्सिताचाराहरं मैथुनपरं स्वप्नशीलं पाशवं विद्यात् (१)| भीरुमबुधमाहारलुब्धमनवस्थितमनुषक्तकामक्रोधं सरणशीलं तोयकामं मात्स्यं विद्यात् (२)| अलसं केवलमभिनिविष्टमाहारे सर्वबुद्ध्यङ्गहीनं वानस्पत्यं विद्यात् (३)| इत्येवं तामसस्य सत्त्वस्य त्रिविधं भेदांशं विद्यान्मोहांशत्वात् ||३९||

sanskrit

[Three types of tamas dominant psychic constitution] The tamasika type of mental faculty represents ignorant disposition and is of three types. Their characteristic features are: 1. Pashava (sharing the traits of animal) Has forbidding disposition, lack of intelligence, terrible conduct and food habit, excessive sexual indulgence and sleep. 2. Matsya (sharing the traits of fish) personality possess timid, lack of intelligence, greediness for food, unsteadiness, constantly passionate and wrathful disposition, fondness for constant movement and desire for water. 3. Vanaspataya (sharing the traits of vegetable life) Sluggishness, indulgence in food, and deficiency of all the intellectual faculties.

english translation

nirAkariSNumamedhasaM jugupsitAcArAharaM maithunaparaM svapnazIlaM pAzavaM vidyAt (1)| bhIrumabudhamAhAralubdhamanavasthitamanuSaktakAmakrodhaM saraNazIlaM toyakAmaM mAtsyaM vidyAt (2)| alasaM kevalamabhiniviSTamAhAre sarvabuddhyaGgahInaM vAnaspatyaM vidyAt (3)| ityevaM tAmasasya sattvasya trividhaM bhedAMzaM vidyAnmohAMzatvAt ||39||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/4/40

इत्यपरिसङ्ख्येयभेदानां त्रयाणामपि सत्त्वानां भेदैकदेशो व्याख्यातः; शुद्धस्य सत्त्वस्य सप्तविधोब्रह्मर्षिशक्रयमवरुणकुबेरगन्धर्वसत्त्वानुकारेण, राजसस्य षड्विधो दैत्यपिशाचराक्षससर्पप्रेतशकुनिसत्त्वानुकारेण, तामसस्यत्रिविधः पशुमत्स्यवनस्पतिसत्त्वानुकारेण, कथं च यथासत्त्वमुपचारः स्यादिति ||४०||

sanskrit

[Innumerable types of mind based on combinations] In this way, three types of mind have innumerable varieties. The sattvika type of mental faculty is of seven types depending upon the disposition of Brahma, Rishi, Indra, Yama, Varuna, Kubera and Gandharva. The rajasa type of mind is of six types depending upon the dispositions of asura, rakshasa, paishacha, sarpa, preta and shakuni. The tamasa type of mind faculty is of three types depending upon the dispositions of pashu (animal), matsya (fish) and vanaspati (vegetable life). All these descriptions are made with a view to indicate the general mode of mind treatment that should be provided. [40] केवलश्चायमुद्देशो यथोद्देशमभिनिर्दिष्टो भवति गर्भावक्रान्तिसम्प्रयुक्तः ; तस्य चार्थस्य विज्ञाने सामर्थ्यं गर्भकराणां चभावानामनुसमाधिः, विधातश्च विघातकराणां भावानामिति||४१|| In this way, the entire description of descent into embryo is explained in keeping with the purpose with which the chapter was initiated i.e. to provide knowledge regarding the formation of embryo. By obtaining this knowledge one can help to way out to the factors which are responsible for the proper growth of the fetus and avoiding the factors which come in the way of its proper development.

english translation

ityaparisaGkhyeyabhedAnAM trayANAmapi sattvAnAM bhedaikadezo vyAkhyAtaH; zuddhasya sattvasya saptavidhobrahmarSizakrayamavaruNakuberagandharvasattvAnukAreNa, rAjasasya SaDvidho daityapizAcarAkSasasarpapretazakunisattvAnukAreNa, tAmasasyatrividhaH pazumatsyavanaspatisattvAnukAreNa, kathaM ca yathAsattvamupacAraH syAditi ||40||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/4/36

त्रिविधं खलु सत्त्वं- शुद्धं, राजसं, तामसमिति| तत्र शुद्धमदोषमाख्यातं कल्याणांशत्वात्, राजसं सदोषमाख्यातं रोषांशत्वात्, तामसमपि सदोषमाख्यातं मोहांशत्वात्| तेषां तु त्रयाणामपि सत्त्वानामेकैकस्य भेदाग्रमपरिसङ्ख्येयं तरतमयोगाच्छरीरयोनिविशेषेभ्यश्चान्योन्यानुविधानत्वाच्च| शरीरं ह्यपि सत्त्वमनुविधीयते, सत्त्वं च शरीरम्| तस्मात् कतिचित्सत्त्वभेदाननूकाभिनिर्देशेन निदर्शनार्थमनुव्याख्यास्यामः ||३६||

sanskrit

The mind is of three types – pure sattvika, rajasika and tamasika. The pure sattvika one is free from causing abnormalities as it is gifted with auspiciousness; whereas the rajasika type is impure because it promotes furious temperament. In the same way, the tamasika one is similarly impure because of bewilderment. Each of these three types of mind can be sub-divided into innumerable forms owing to comparative proportions and type of body and origin of the body it resides into. The body influences the mind and vice versa. Therefore, some of the varieties of mind have been described briefly depicting their resemblance with recognized symbols.

english translation

trividhaM khalu sattvaM- zuddhaM, rAjasaM, tAmasamiti| tatra zuddhamadoSamAkhyAtaM kalyANAMzatvAt, rAjasaM sadoSamAkhyAtaM roSAMzatvAt, tAmasamapi sadoSamAkhyAtaM mohAMzatvAt| teSAM tu trayANAmapi sattvAnAmekaikasya bhedAgramaparisaGkhyeyaM taratamayogAccharIrayonivizeSebhyazcAnyonyAnuvidhAnatvAcca| zarIraM hyapi sattvamanuvidhIyate, sattvaM ca zarIram| tasmAt katicitsattvabhedAnanUkAbhinirdezena nidarzanArthamanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH ||36||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/4/37

तद्यथा- शुचिं सत्याभिसन्धं जितात्मानं संविभागिनं ज्ञानविज्ञानवचनप्रतिवचनसम्पन्नं स्मृतिमन्तंकामक्रोधलोभमानमोहेर्ष्याहर्षामर्षापेतं समं सर्वभूतेषु ब्राह्मं विद्यात् (१)| इज्याध्ययनव्रतहोमब्रह्मचर्यपरमतिथिव्रतमुपशान्तमदमानरागद्वेषमोहलोभरोषंप्रतिभावचनविज्ञानोपधारणशक्तिसम्पन्नमार्षं विद्यात् (२)| ऐश्वर्यवन्तमादेयवाक्यं यज्वानं शूरमोजस्विनं तेजसोपेतमक्लिष्टकर्माणं दीर्घदर्शिनं धर्मार्थकामाभिरतमैन्द्रं विद्यात् (३)| लेखास्थवृत्तं प्राप्तकारिणमसम्प्रहार्यमुत्थानवन्तं स्मृतिमन्तमैश्वर्यलम्भिनं [५३] व्यपगतरागेर्ष्याद्वेषमोहं याम्यं विद्यात् (४))| शूरं धीरं शुचिमशुचिद्वेषिणं यज्वानमम्भोविहाररतिमक्लिष्टकर्माणं स्थानकोपप्रसादं वारुणं विद्यात् (५)| स्थानमानोपभोगपरिवारसम्पन्नं धर्मार्थकामनित्यं शुचिं सुखविहारं व्यक्तकोपप्रसादं कौबेरं विद्यात् (६)| प्रियनृत्यगीतवादित्रोल्लापकश्लोकाख्यायिकेतिहासपुराणेषु कुशलं गन्धमाल्यानुलेपनवसनस्त्रीविहारकामनित्यमनसूयकंगान्धर्वं विद्यात् (७)| इत्येवं शुद्धस्य सत्त्वस्य सप्तविधं भेदांशं विद्यात् कल्याणांशत्वात्; तत्संयोगात्तु ब्राह्ममत्यन्तशुद्धं व्यवस्येत् ||३७||

sanskrit

[Seven types of sattva dominant psychic constitution] The pure sattvika type of mind is positive and is of seven categories. Their distinguishing features are furnished in the statement given below: 1. Brahma (giving out the qualities of Brahma): Clean, love for truth, having control over self, power of eliminating bias, capable of learning, perceptive, power of description, reply and memory. Freedom from overenthusiasm, anger, greediness, self-esteem, lack of knowledge, envy, misery and narrow-mindedness and favorable outlook equally for all the individuals. The individuals having such qualities should be known as Brahma in mind. 2. Arsha (giving out the qualities of rishis): Dedication to holy rituals, study, sacred vows, oblations and celibacy, welcoming nature to the guest. Has freedom from self-importance, self-esteem, affection, detestation, lack of knowledge, greed and annoyance. The person is capable of intellectual excellence and eloquence, power of understanding and retention. The individuals having such qualities should be known as Arsha in mind. 3. Aindra (giving out the qualities of Indra): Supremacy and trustworthy words, involved in holy rituals, endowed with bravery, strength and splendor, involved in good acts, far sightedness, always engaged in achievement of virtue, wealth, devotion to virtuous acts, earning of wealth and pleasure. The individuals having such qualities should be known as Indra in mind. 4. Yamya (giving out the qualities of Yama): Observance of the humility of actions, timely instigation of dealings, non- aggressive, accomplished with promptness and memory, attaining supremacy, free from affection, jealousy, detestation and ignorance. The individuals having such qualities should be known as Yama in mind. 5. Varuna (giving out the qualities of Varuna): Bravery, patience, clean and disliking for uncleanliness, engaged in holy rituals, affection for enjoyment in water, hatred for mean-actions, expression of anger and happiness in proper time and place. The individuals having such qualities should be known as Varuna in mind. 6. Kaubera (giving out the qualities of Kubera): Capable of position, honor, luxuries and having family members (attendants), constantly involved in virtuous acts, wealth and satisfaction of desires, clean, comfortable movement, obvious annoyance and happiness. The individuals having such qualities should be known as Kaubera in mind. 7. Gandharva (giving out the qualities of Gandharva): Fond of dancing, singing, music and praise, expert in poetry, stories, historical narrations and epics, constantly use scents, garlands, pastes, clothing, engaged with women and passion. The individuals having such qualities should be known as Gandharva in mind. As a result, the pure mind has been divided in to seven types because of advantageous character. Brahma is considered as purest due to predominance of pure mind.

english translation

tadyathA- zuciM satyAbhisandhaM jitAtmAnaM saMvibhAginaM jJAnavijJAnavacanaprativacanasampannaM smRtimantaMkAmakrodhalobhamAnamoherSyAharSAmarSApetaM samaM sarvabhUteSu brAhmaM vidyAt (1)| ijyAdhyayanavratahomabrahmacaryaparamatithivratamupazAntamadamAnarAgadveSamohalobharoSaMpratibhAvacanavijJAnopadhAraNazaktisampannamArSaM vidyAt (2)| aizvaryavantamAdeyavAkyaM yajvAnaM zUramojasvinaM tejasopetamakliSTakarmANaM dIrghadarzinaM dharmArthakAmAbhiratamaindraM vidyAt (3)| lekhAsthavRttaM prAptakAriNamasamprahAryamutthAnavantaM smRtimantamaizvaryalambhinaM [53] vyapagatarAgerSyAdveSamohaM yAmyaM vidyAt (4))| zUraM dhIraM zucimazucidveSiNaM yajvAnamambhovihAraratimakliSTakarmANaM sthAnakopaprasAdaM vAruNaM vidyAt (5)| sthAnamAnopabhogaparivArasampannaM dharmArthakAmanityaM zuciM sukhavihAraM vyaktakopaprasAdaM kauberaM vidyAt (6)| priyanRtyagItavAditrollApakazlokAkhyAyiketihAsapurANeSu kuzalaM gandhamAlyAnulepanavasanastrIvihArakAmanityamanasUyakaMgAndharvaM vidyAt (7)| ityevaM zuddhasya sattvasya saptavidhaM bhedAMzaM vidyAt kalyANAMzatvAt; tatsaMyogAttu brAhmamatyantazuddhaM vyavasyet ||37||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/4/38

शूरं चण्डमसूयकमैश्वर्यवन्तमौपधिकं रौद्रमननुक्रोशमात्मपूजकमासुरं विद्यात् (१)| अमर्षिणमनुबन्धकोपं छिद्रप्रहारिणं क्रूरमाहारातिमात्ररुचिमामिषप्रियतमं स्वप्नायासबहुलमीर्ष्युं राक्षसं विद्यात् (२)| महाशनं [५७] स्त्रैणं स्त्रीरहस्काममशुचिं शुचिद्वेषिणं भीरुं भीषयितारं विकृतविहाराहारशीलं पैशाचं विद्यात् (३)| क्रुद्धशूरमक्रुद्धभीरुं तीक्ष्णमायासबहुलं सन्त्रस्तगोचरमाहारविहारपरं [५८] सार्पं विद्यात् (४)| आहारकाममतिदुःखशीलाचारोपचारमसूयकमसंविभागिनमतिलोलुपमकर्मशीलं प्रैतं विद्यात् (५)| अनुषक्तकाममजस्रमाहारविहारपरमनवस्थितममर्षणमसञ्चयं शाकुनं विद्यात् (६)| इत्येवं खलु राजसस्य सत्त्वस्य षङ्विधं भेदांशं विद्यात्, रोषांशत्वात् ||३८||

sanskrit

[Six types of rajas dominant psychic constitution] The rajasika type of mind represents wrathful disposition and is of six types: 1. Asura: Brave, cruel, jealousy, supremacy, fraudulent, violent, lack of kindness, self praising individuals should be designated as asura mind. 2. Rakshasa: Intolerant with annoyance, attacking at weak points, cruel, fond of overeating, most desirous for meat, indulged more in sleep and hard work and jealous individuals should be designated as rakshasa mind. 3. Paishacha (sharing the traits of pishacha): Voracious habit, fond of women, desire for staying with women in secluded place, unclean, have an aversion for cleanliness, fearfulness and terrifying disposition, and habitual user of abnormal diet and regimens individuals should be designated as paishacha mind. 4. Sarpa (sharing the traits of sarpa or snake): Bravery when in furious disposition and cowardice when not in furious disposition, sharp reaction, excessive hard worker, terrorizing, indulged in food and regimens with a fearful temperament. 5. Praita (sharing the traits of a praita): Extreme craving for food, extremely painful disposition in character, jealousness, actions with prejudice, extreme meanness and inactive individuals should be designated as praita mind. 6. Shakuna (sharing the traits of a shakuni or bird): Passionate, excessively indulged in food and regimen, unstable, intolerant, and un-acquisitiveness. Such individuals should be designated as shakuna mind. In this way, six types of rajas sattva are described, all of them having agitation quality in common.

english translation

zUraM caNDamasUyakamaizvaryavantamaupadhikaM raudramananukrozamAtmapUjakamAsuraM vidyAt (1)| amarSiNamanubandhakopaM chidraprahAriNaM krUramAhArAtimAtrarucimAmiSapriyatamaM svapnAyAsabahulamIrSyuM rAkSasaM vidyAt (2)| mahAzanaM [57] straiNaM strIrahaskAmamazuciM zucidveSiNaM bhIruM bhISayitAraM vikRtavihArAhArazIlaM paizAcaM vidyAt (3)| kruddhazUramakruddhabhIruM tIkSNamAyAsabahulaM santrastagocaramAhAravihAraparaM [58] sArpaM vidyAt (4)| AhArakAmamatiduHkhazIlAcAropacAramasUyakamasaMvibhAginamatilolupamakarmazIlaM praitaM vidyAt (5)| anuSaktakAmamajasramAhAravihAraparamanavasthitamamarSaNamasaJcayaM zAkunaM vidyAt (6)| ityevaM khalu rAjasasya sattvasya SaGvidhaM bhedAMzaM vidyAt, roSAMzatvAt ||38||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/4/39

निराकरिष्णुममेधसं जुगुप्सिताचाराहरं मैथुनपरं स्वप्नशीलं पाशवं विद्यात् (१)| भीरुमबुधमाहारलुब्धमनवस्थितमनुषक्तकामक्रोधं सरणशीलं तोयकामं मात्स्यं विद्यात् (२)| अलसं केवलमभिनिविष्टमाहारे सर्वबुद्ध्यङ्गहीनं वानस्पत्यं विद्यात् (३)| इत्येवं तामसस्य सत्त्वस्य त्रिविधं भेदांशं विद्यान्मोहांशत्वात् ||३९||

sanskrit

[Three types of tamas dominant psychic constitution] The tamasika type of mental faculty represents ignorant disposition and is of three types. Their characteristic features are: 1. Pashava (sharing the traits of animal) Has forbidding disposition, lack of intelligence, terrible conduct and food habit, excessive sexual indulgence and sleep. 2. Matsya (sharing the traits of fish) personality possess timid, lack of intelligence, greediness for food, unsteadiness, constantly passionate and wrathful disposition, fondness for constant movement and desire for water. 3. Vanaspataya (sharing the traits of vegetable life) Sluggishness, indulgence in food, and deficiency of all the intellectual faculties.

english translation

nirAkariSNumamedhasaM jugupsitAcArAharaM maithunaparaM svapnazIlaM pAzavaM vidyAt (1)| bhIrumabudhamAhAralubdhamanavasthitamanuSaktakAmakrodhaM saraNazIlaM toyakAmaM mAtsyaM vidyAt (2)| alasaM kevalamabhiniviSTamAhAre sarvabuddhyaGgahInaM vAnaspatyaM vidyAt (3)| ityevaM tAmasasya sattvasya trividhaM bhedAMzaM vidyAnmohAMzatvAt ||39||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/sharira-sthana/4/40

इत्यपरिसङ्ख्येयभेदानां त्रयाणामपि सत्त्वानां भेदैकदेशो व्याख्यातः; शुद्धस्य सत्त्वस्य सप्तविधोब्रह्मर्षिशक्रयमवरुणकुबेरगन्धर्वसत्त्वानुकारेण, राजसस्य षड्विधो दैत्यपिशाचराक्षससर्पप्रेतशकुनिसत्त्वानुकारेण, तामसस्यत्रिविधः पशुमत्स्यवनस्पतिसत्त्वानुकारेण, कथं च यथासत्त्वमुपचारः स्यादिति ||४०||

sanskrit

[Innumerable types of mind based on combinations] In this way, three types of mind have innumerable varieties. The sattvika type of mental faculty is of seven types depending upon the disposition of Brahma, Rishi, Indra, Yama, Varuna, Kubera and Gandharva. The rajasa type of mind is of six types depending upon the dispositions of asura, rakshasa, paishacha, sarpa, preta and shakuni. The tamasa type of mind faculty is of three types depending upon the dispositions of pashu (animal), matsya (fish) and vanaspati (vegetable life). All these descriptions are made with a view to indicate the general mode of mind treatment that should be provided. [40] केवलश्चायमुद्देशो यथोद्देशमभिनिर्दिष्टो भवति गर्भावक्रान्तिसम्प्रयुक्तः ; तस्य चार्थस्य विज्ञाने सामर्थ्यं गर्भकराणां चभावानामनुसमाधिः, विधातश्च विघातकराणां भावानामिति||४१|| In this way, the entire description of descent into embryo is explained in keeping with the purpose with which the chapter was initiated i.e. to provide knowledge regarding the formation of embryo. By obtaining this knowledge one can help to way out to the factors which are responsible for the proper growth of the fetus and avoiding the factors which come in the way of its proper development.

english translation

ityaparisaGkhyeyabhedAnAM trayANAmapi sattvAnAM bhedaikadezo vyAkhyAtaH; zuddhasya sattvasya saptavidhobrahmarSizakrayamavaruNakuberagandharvasattvAnukAreNa, rAjasasya SaDvidho daityapizAcarAkSasasarpapretazakunisattvAnukAreNa, tAmasasyatrividhaH pazumatsyavanaspatisattvAnukAreNa, kathaM ca yathAsattvamupacAraH syAditi ||40||

hk transliteration