Charak Samhita

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सन्धारणंशोषस्यायतनमितियदुक्तंतदनुव्याख्यास्यामः- यदापुरुषोराजसमीपेभर्तुःसमीपेवागुरोर्वापादमूलेद्यूतसभमन्यंवासतांसमाजंस्त्रीमध्यंवासमनुप्रविश्ययानैर्वाऽ प्युच्चावचैरभियान्भयात्प्रसङ्गाद्ध्रीमत्त्वाद्धृणित्वाद्वानिरुणद्ध्यागतान्वातमूत्रपुरीषवेगान्तदातस्यसन्धारणाद्वायुःप्रकोपमापद्यते, सप्रकुपितःपित्तश्लेष्माणौसमुदीर्योर्ध्वमधस्तिर्यक्चविहरति; ततश्चांशविशेषेणपूर्ववच्छरीरावयवविशेषंप्रविश्यशूलमुपजनयति, भिनत्तिपुरीषमुच्छोषयतिवा, पार्श्वेचातिरुजति, अंसाववमृद्गाति, कण्ठमुरश्चावधमति, शिरश्चोपहन्ति, कासंश्वासंज्वरंस्वरभेदंप्रतिश्यायंचोपजनयति| ततःसउपशोषणैरेतैरुपद्रवैरुपद्रुतःशनैःशनैरुपशुष्यति| तस्मात्पुरुषोमतिमानात्मनःशारीरेष्वेवयोगक्षेमकरेषुप्रयतेतविशेषेण; शरीरंह्यस्यमूलं, शरीरमूलश्चपुरुषोभवति ||६||

sanskrit

[2. Suppression of natural urges] When a person suppresses the urge to pass flatulence, urination, and bowel movement due to various reasons such as attending a royalty, being in a formal setting (in the company of sages, teachers, nobles, etc), being in the midst of women, society of gambling, or while traveling on uneven vehicle, or due to fear, environment, bashfulness or disgust, vayu gets vitiated due to suppression of urges. This vitiated vayu aggravates pitta and/or kapha, spreading upwards, downwards or obliquely depending upon the combination of afflicted doshas. As said earlier, when a portion gets into specific body parts, it causes pain, diarrhea or drying up of feces, excessive pain in sides of the chest, pain in the shoulders, irritation in throat and lungs, headache, cough, dyspnea, fever, hoarseness of voice and coryza. Thereafter, having been afflicted with these wasting complications, the patient gradually gets afflicted with shosha. Hence the wise should carefully observe the ways that promote and protect the body.

english translation

sandhAraNaMzoSasyAyatanamitiyaduktaMtadanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH- yadApuruSorAjasamIpebhartuHsamIpevAgurorvApAdamUledyUtasabhamanyaMvAsatAMsamAjaMstrImadhyaMvAsamanupravizyayAnairvA' pyuccAvacairabhiyAnbhayAtprasaGgAddhrImattvAddhRNitvAdvAniruNaddhyAgatAnvAtamUtrapurISavegAntadAtasyasandhAraNAdvAyuHprakopamApadyate, saprakupitaHpittazleSmANausamudIryordhvamadhastiryakcaviharati; tatazcAMzavizeSeNapUrvavaccharIrAvayavavizeSaMpravizyazUlamupajanayati, bhinattipurISamucchoSayativA, pArzvecAtirujati, aMsAvavamRdgAti, kaNThamurazcAvadhamati, zirazcopahanti, kAsaMzvAsaMjvaraMsvarabhedaMpratizyAyaMcopajanayati| tataHsaupazoSaNairetairupadravairupadrutaHzanaiHzanairupazuSyati| tasmAtpuruSomatimAnAtmanaHzArIreSvevayogakSemakareSuprayatetavizeSeNa; zarIraMhyasyamUlaM, zarIramUlazcapuruSobhavati ||6||

hk transliteration

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भवतिचात्र- सर्वमन्यत्परित्यज्यशरीरमनुपालयेत्| तदभावेहिभावानांसर्वाभावःशरीरिणाम् ||७||

sanskrit

Here is the verse: Setting all other things aside, one should protect the body, because in its absence there will be complete absence of all the bodily entities.

english translation

bhavaticAtra- sarvamanyatparityajyazarIramanupAlayet| tadabhAvehibhAvAnAMsarvAbhAvaHzarIriNAm ||7||

hk transliteration

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क्षयःशोषस्यायतनमितियदुक्तंतदनुव्याख्यास्यामः- यदापुरुषोऽतिमात्रंशोकचिन्तापरिगतहृदयोभवति, ईर्ष्योत्कण्ठाभयक्रोधादिभिर्वासमाविश्यते, कृशोवासन्रूक्षान्नपानसेवीभवति, दुर्बलप्रकृतिरनाहारोऽल्पाहारोवाभवति, तदातस्यहृदयस्थायीरसःक्षयमुपैति; सतस्योपक्षयाच्छोषंप्राप्नोति, अप्रतीकाराच्चानुबध्यतेयक्ष्मणा | यथोपदेक्ष्यमाणरूपेण | यदावापुरुषोऽतिहर्षादतिप्रसक्तभावःस्त्रीष्वतिप्रसङ्गमारभते, तस्यातिमात्रप्रसङ्गाद्रेतःक्षयमेति| क्षयमपिचोपगच्छतिरेतसियदिमनःस्त्रीभ्योनैवास्यनिवर्तते, तस्यचातिप्रणीतसङ्कल्पस्यमैथुनमापद्यमानस्यनशुक्रंप्रवर्ततेऽतिमात्रोपक्षीणरेतस्त्वात्, तथाऽस्यवायुर्व्यायच्छमानशरीरस्यैवधमनीरनुप्रविश्यशोणितवाहिनीस्ताभ्यःशोणितंप्रच्यावयति, तच्छुक्रक्षयादस्यपुनःशुक्रमार्गेणशोणितंप्रवर्ततेवातानुसृतलिङ्गम्| अथास्यशुक्रक्षयाच्छोणितप्रवर्तनाच्चसन्धयःशिथिलीभवन्ति, रौक्ष्यमुपजायते, भूयःशरीरंदौर्बल्यमाविशतिवायुःप्रकोपमापद्यते; सप्रकुपितोवशिकंशरीरमनुसर्पन्नुदीर्यश्लेष्मपित्तेपरिशोषयतिमांसशोणिते, प्रच्यावयतिश्लेष्मपित्तेसंरुजतिपार्श्वे, अवमृद्गात्यंसौकण्ठमुद्ध्वंसति, शिरःश्लेष्माणमुपत्क्लेश्यप्रतिपूरयतिश्लेष्मणा, सन्धींश्चप्रपीडयन्करोत्यङ्गमर्दमरोचकाविपाकौच, पित्तश्लेष्मोत्क्लेशात्प्रतिलोमगत्वाच्चवायुर्ज्वरंकासंश्वासंस्वरभेदंप्रतिश्यायंचोपजनयति;सकासप्रसङ्गादुरसिक्षतेशोणितंष्ठीवति,शोणितगमनाच्चास्यदौर्बल्यमुपजायते, ततःसउपशोषणैरेतैरुपद्रवैरुपद्रुतःशनैःशनैरुपशुष्यति| तस्मात्पुरुषोमतिमानात्मनः| शरीरमनुरक्षञ्छुक्रमनुरक्षेत्| पराह्येषाफलनिर्वृत्तिराहारस्येति ||८||

sanskrit

[3. Depletion of tissues] Now explained is depletion of tissues as the cause of shosha. When a person is suffering excessively from anxiety and grief, or from emotions like envy, fear, anger, etc., and if the person is also afflicted with a wasting disorder and/or using rough food and drinks, or if a congenitally weak person is subjected to fasting or malnutrition, his ojas gets diminished leading to shosha. Due to want of proper management and care, he could get afflicted with the disease having symptoms to be described later. [3a.Excessive sexual indulgence] When a person indulges in excessive sexual intercourse habitually, his semen gets diminished. In spite of diminished semen, if he obsesses about sex mentally as well as physically and continues to engage in sexual acts with excessively determined passion, his semen is not discharged because of its already diminished state causing vayu to enter his blood vessels and blood getting discharged from the seminal passage. Now, due to loss of semen and hemorrhage, his joints loosen, the skin loses its suppleness and becomes rough or scaly, body weakens further and vayu gets vitiated. The vitiated vayuspreads in the body deficient of semen and blood, aggravating kapha and pitta and drying up the muscles and blood. Further, the vitiated vayu expels kapha and pitta, causing pain in the sides of the chest and shoulders, irritation of throat, aggravating kapha of the head and replacing it with the vitiated kapha expelled from their natural locations, causing pain in joints, body ache, anorexia and indigestion. Due to frequent cough the lungs get damaged and hemoptysis ensues, debilitating the patient further and afflicting him with wasting complications. If untreated, the patient gradually is afflicted with phthisis.

english translation

kSayaHzoSasyAyatanamitiyaduktaMtadanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH- yadApuruSo'timAtraMzokacintAparigatahRdayobhavati, IrSyotkaNThAbhayakrodhAdibhirvAsamAvizyate, kRzovAsanrUkSAnnapAnasevIbhavati, durbalaprakRtiranAhAro'lpAhArovAbhavati, tadAtasyahRdayasthAyIrasaHkSayamupaiti; satasyopakSayAcchoSaMprApnoti, apratIkArAccAnubadhyateyakSmaNA | yathopadekSyamANarUpeNa | yadAvApuruSo'tiharSAdatiprasaktabhAvaHstrISvatiprasaGgamArabhate, tasyAtimAtraprasaGgAdretaHkSayameti| kSayamapicopagacchatiretasiyadimanaHstrIbhyonaivAsyanivartate, tasyacAtipraNItasaGkalpasyamaithunamApadyamAnasyanazukraMpravartate'timAtropakSINaretastvAt, tathA'syavAyurvyAyacchamAnazarIrasyaivadhamanIranupravizyazoNitavAhinIstAbhyaHzoNitaMpracyAvayati, tacchukrakSayAdasyapunaHzukramArgeNazoNitaMpravartatevAtAnusRtaliGgam| athAsyazukrakSayAcchoNitapravartanAccasandhayaHzithilIbhavanti, raukSyamupajAyate, bhUyaHzarIraMdaurbalyamAvizativAyuHprakopamApadyate; saprakupitovazikaMzarIramanusarpannudIryazleSmapitteparizoSayatimAMsazoNite, pracyAvayatizleSmapittesaMrujatipArzve, avamRdgAtyaMsaukaNThamuddhvaMsati, ziraHzleSmANamupatklezyapratipUrayatizleSmaNA, sandhIMzcaprapIDayankarotyaGgamardamarocakAvipAkauca, pittazleSmotklezAtpratilomagatvAccavAyurjvaraMkAsaMzvAsaMsvarabhedaMpratizyAyaMcopajanayati;sakAsaprasaGgAdurasikSatezoNitaMSThIvati,zoNitagamanAccAsyadaurbalyamupajAyate, tataHsaupazoSaNairetairupadravairupadrutaHzanaiHzanairupazuSyati| tasmAtpuruSomatimAnAtmanaH| zarIramanurakSaJchukramanurakSet| parAhyeSAphalanirvRttirAhArasyeti ||8||

hk transliteration

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भवतिचात्र- आहारस्यपरंधामशुक्रंतद्रक्ष्यमात्मनः| क्षयोह्यस्यबहून्रोगान्मरणंवानियच्छति ||९||

sanskrit

Here is the verse: Semen is the final essence of one’s food hence it should be protected because its depletion leads to many diseases or even death.

english translation

bhavaticAtra- AhArasyaparaMdhAmazukraMtadrakSyamAtmanaH| kSayohyasyabahUnrogAnmaraNaMvAniyacchati ||9||

hk transliteration

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विषमाशनंशोषस्यायतनमितियदुक्तं,तदनुव्याख्यास्यामः- यदापुरुषःपानाशनभक्ष्यलेह्योपयोगान्प्रकृतिकरणसंयोगराशिदेशकालोपयोगसंस्थोपशयविषमानासेवते, तदातस्यतेभ्योवातपित्तश्लेष्माणोवैषम्यमापद्यन्ते; तेविषमाःशरीरमनुसृत्ययदास्रोतसामयनमुखानिप्रतिवार्यावतिष्ठन्तेतदाजन्तुर्यद्यदाहारजातमाहरतितत्तदस्यमूत्रपुरीषमेवोपजायतेभूयिष्ठंनान्यस्तथाशरीरधातुः; सपुरीषोपष्टम्भाद्वर्तयति, तस्माच्छुष्यतोविशेषेणपुरीषमनुरक्ष्यंतथाऽन्येषामतिकृशदुर्बलानां; तस्यानाप्यायमानस्यविषमाशनोपचितादोषाःपृथक्पृथगुपद्रवैर्युञ्जन्तोभूयःशरीरमुपशोषयन्ति| तत्रवातःशूलमङ्गमर्दंकण्ठोद्ध्वंसनंपार्श्वसंरुजनमंसावमर्दंस्वरभेदंप्रतिश्यायंचोपजनयति; पित्तंज्वरमतीसारमन्तर्दाहंच; श्लेष्मातुप्रतिश्यायंशिरसोगुरुत्वमरोचकंकासंच, सकासप्रसङ्गादुरसिक्षतेशोणितंनिष्ठीवति,शोणितगमनाच्चास्यदौर्बल्यमुपजायते| एवमेतेविषमाशनोपचितास्त्रयोदोषाराजयक्ष्याणमभिनिर्वर्तयन्ति| सतैरुपशोषणैरुपद्रवैरुपद्रुतःशनैःशनैःशुष्यति| तस्मात्पुरुषोमतिमान्प्रकृतिकरणसंयोगराशिदेशकालोपयोगसंस्थोपशयादविषममाहारमाहरेत् ||१०||

sanskrit

[4. Irregular meals/Improper meals] This verse talks of irregular diet as a cause of shosha. When a person takes food – drinkable, eatable, chewable and lickable – irregularly in terms of nature, preparation, combination, quantity, place, time, and various dietary rules (do’s and don’ts) appropriate for his constitution, his doshas get imbalanced. These imbalanced doshas spread in the body, obstructing the openings of various channels and the flow of dhatus. In such cases, the body survives on the support of malas. Hence mala should be protected, particularly in case where the patient has already been afflicted with phthisis and in cases where the individual is emaciated or very weak. The vitiated 'vata causes pain, body ache, irritation of throat, chest pain, pain in shoulders, hoarseness of voice and coryza. Vitiated pitta causes fever, diarrhea, internal heat and vitiated kapha causes coryza, heaviness of head, anorexia and cough. Due to frequent bouts of cough, lungs get damaged and hemoptysis ensues, consequently debilitating the patient further and causing shosha. Having been afflicted with these wasting complications, the patient gradually becomes very weak and gaunt.

english translation

viSamAzanaMzoSasyAyatanamitiyaduktaM,tadanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH- yadApuruSaHpAnAzanabhakSyalehyopayogAnprakRtikaraNasaMyogarAzidezakAlopayogasaMsthopazayaviSamAnAsevate, tadAtasyatebhyovAtapittazleSmANovaiSamyamApadyante; teviSamAHzarIramanusRtyayadAsrotasAmayanamukhAniprativAryAvatiSThantetadAjanturyadyadAhArajAtamAharatitattadasyamUtrapurISamevopajAyatebhUyiSThaMnAnyastathAzarIradhAtuH; sapurISopaSTambhAdvartayati, tasmAcchuSyatovizeSeNapurISamanurakSyaMtathA'nyeSAmatikRzadurbalAnAM; tasyAnApyAyamAnasyaviSamAzanopacitAdoSAHpRthakpRthagupadravairyuJjantobhUyaHzarIramupazoSayanti| tatravAtaHzUlamaGgamardaMkaNThoddhvaMsanaMpArzvasaMrujanamaMsAvamardaMsvarabhedaMpratizyAyaMcopajanayati; pittaMjvaramatIsAramantardAhaMca; zleSmAtupratizyAyaMzirasogurutvamarocakaMkAsaMca, sakAsaprasaGgAdurasikSatezoNitaMniSThIvati,zoNitagamanAccAsyadaurbalyamupajAyate| evameteviSamAzanopacitAstrayodoSArAjayakSyANamabhinirvartayanti| satairupazoSaNairupadravairupadrutaHzanaiHzanaiHzuSyati| tasmAtpuruSomatimAnprakRtikaraNasaMyogarAzidezakAlopayogasaMsthopazayAdaviSamamAhAramAharet ||10||

hk transliteration

Chapter 6

Verses 11-15