Charak Samhita

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अथातःप्रमेहनिदानंव्याख्यास्यामः ||१||

sanskrit

Now we shall expound the chapter "Prameha Nidana" (Diagnosis and etiopatheogenesis of Obstinate Urinary Disorders including diabetes).

english translation

athAtaHpramehanidAnaMvyAkhyAsyAmaH ||1||

hk transliteration

इतिहस्माहभगवानात्रेयः ||२||

sanskrit

Thus said Lord Atreya.

english translation

itihasmAhabhagavAnAtreyaH ||2||

hk transliteration

त्रिदोषकोपनिमित्ताविंशतिःप्रमेहाभवन्तिविकाराश्चापरेऽपरिसङ्ख्येयाः| तत्रयथात्रिदोषप्रकोपःप्रमेहानभिनिर्वर्तयतितथाऽनुव्याख्यास्यामः ||३||

sanskrit

[Types of Prameha] Due to vitiation of three dosha, (any of) twenty types of prameha could occur. However, there may be innumerable other variations of the disease. We shall now explain the ways in which vitiation of the three dosha leads to the manifestation of the various types of prameha.

english translation

tridoSakopanimittAviMzatiHpramehAbhavantivikArAzcApare'parisaGkhyeyAH| tatrayathAtridoSaprakopaHpramehAnabhinirvartayatitathA'nuvyAkhyAsyAmaH ||3||

hk transliteration

इह खलु निदानदोषदूष्यविशेषेभ्यो विकारविघातभावाभाव प्रतिविशेषा भवन्ति| यदाह्येतेत्रयोनिदानादिविशेषाःपरस्परंनानुबध्नन्त्यथवा[१] कालप्रकर्षादबलीयांसोऽथवाऽनुबध्नन्तिनतदाविकाराभिनिर्वृत्तिः, चिराद्वाऽप्यभिनिर्वर्तन्ते, तनवोवाभवन्त्ययथोक्तसर्वलिङ्गावा; विपर्ययेविपरीताः;इतिसर्वविकारविघातभावाभावप्रतिविशेषाभिनिर्वृत्तिहेतुर्भवत्युक्तः ||४||

sanskrit

[Process of Onset of Disease] Here, the specific interaction of etiological factors with doshas and dushyas, as well as the presence or absence of disease-resisting factors (individual’s immunity or ability to resist the disease), influence the outcome regarding the manifestation of a disease (including prameha). Temporal factors (e.g. season) also play a role here. For example, if the interaction of etiological factors, doshas and dushyas are weak and these are antagonistic to each other, and if the influence of temporal factors (time or seasonal influence) are also weak, then either the disease does not manifest, or there is a delay in manifestation of the disease. In such cases, even if there is an onset of the disease, its severity could be low, or all of its signs and symptoms may not manifest. Thus, the presence or absence of specific factors determine the ability or otherwise of the body to resist all types of diseases.

english translation

iha khalu nidAnadoSadUSyavizeSebhyo vikAravighAtabhAvAbhAva prativizeSA bhavanti| yadAhyetetrayonidAnAdivizeSAHparasparaMnAnubadhnantyathavA[1] kAlaprakarSAdabalIyAMso'thavA'nubadhnantinatadAvikArAbhinirvRttiH, cirAdvA'pyabhinirvartante, tanavovAbhavantyayathoktasarvaliGgAvA; viparyayeviparItAH;itisarvavikAravighAtabhAvAbhAvaprativizeSAbhinirvRttiheturbhavatyuktaH ||4||

hk transliteration

तत्रेमेत्रयोनिदानादिविशेषाःश्लेष्मनिमित्तानांप्रमेहाणामाश्वभिर्निर्वृत्तिकराभवन्ति; तद्यथा- हायनकयवकचीनकोद्दालकनैषधेत्कटमुकुन्दकमहाव्रीहिप्रमोदकसुगन्धकानां नवानामतिवेलमतिप्रमाणेनचोपयोगः, तथासर्पिष्मतांनवहरेणुमाषसूप्यानां, ग्राम्यानूपौदकानांचमांसानां,शाकतिलपललपिष्टान्नपायसकृशराविलेपीक्षुविकाराणां, क्षीरनवमद्यमन्दकदधिद्रवमधुरतरुणप्रायाणांचोपयोगः, मृजाव्यायामवर्जनं, स्वप्नशयनासनप्रसङ्गः, यश्चकश्चिद्विधिरन्योऽपिश्लेष्ममेदोमूत्रसञ्जननः, ससर्वोनिदानविशेषः ||५||

sanskrit

An excessive intake of kapha-vitiating food articles or lifestyle activities contributes to severe manifestations of kaphaja prameha. The following are some of the specific etiological factors for the kaphaja variant of this disease: 1. Frequent and excessive intake of: a. Newly harvested grains like hayanaka, yavaka (a variety of Hordeum vulgare Linn), chinaka, uddalaka,naishadha,itkata, mukundaka, mahavrihi, promodaka, and sugandhaka; b. Newly harvested pulses like harenu (Pisum sativum Linn.) and masha (Phaseolus radiates Linn.), consumed with ghee; c. The meat of domesticated, marshy and aquatic animals; d. Vegetables, tila (Sesamum indicum Linn.) oil, cakes of tila, pastries, payasa (milk-based pudding), krisara (gruel prepared of tila, rice, and black gram), vilepi (a type of thick gruel), and sugarcane-based food preparations; e. Milk, new wine, immature curd (curd which is mostly liquid and sweet); f. Various dietary regimen that produces excess kapha, fat, and urine;

english translation

tatremetrayonidAnAdivizeSAHzleSmanimittAnAMpramehANAmAzvabhirnirvRttikarAbhavanti; tadyathA- hAyanakayavakacInakoddAlakanaiSadhetkaTamukundakamahAvrIhipramodakasugandhakAnAM navAnAmativelamatipramANenacopayogaH, tathAsarpiSmatAMnavahareNumASasUpyAnAM, grAmyAnUpaudakAnAMcamAMsAnAM,zAkatilapalalapiSTAnnapAyasakRzarAvilepIkSuvikArANAM, kSIranavamadyamandakadadhidravamadhurataruNaprAyANAMcopayogaH, mRjAvyAyAmavarjanaM, svapnazayanAsanaprasaGgaH, yazcakazcidvidhiranyo'pizleSmamedomUtrasaJjananaH, sasarvonidAnavizeSaH ||5||

hk transliteration