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तस्योपलब्धिर्निदानपूर्वरूपलिङ्गोपशयसम्प्राप्तितः ॥6 ॥
[Means for knowledge of disease] Diseases could be diagnosed by studying their nidana (etiology), poorvarupa (premonitory symptoms), linga (sign and symptoms), upashaya (pacifying factors) and samprapti (pathogenesis).
english translation
तत्र निदानं कारणमित्युक्तमग्रे ॥७॥
[Definition of Nidana] Nidana is the cause or etiological factor as described earlier.
english translation
पूर्वरूपं प्रागुत्पत्ति लक्षणं व्याधेः ॥८॥
[Definition of Poorvarupa (premonitory signs)] Symptoms that manifest themselves before the appearance of the disease are known as poorvarupa.
english translation
प्रादुर्भूतलक्षणं पुनर्लिङ्गम् तत्र लिङ्गमाकृतिर्लक्षणं चिह्नं संस्थानं व्यञ्जनं रूपमित्यनर्थान्तरम् ॥९॥
[Definition of Linga (sign) and its synonyms] Sign and symptoms when fully manifested are called as linga. Linga, akruti, lakshana, chihna, samsthana, vyanjana and rupa are synonyms of linga.
english translation
उपशयः पुनर्हेतुव्याधिविपरीतानां विपरीतार्थकारिणां चौषधाहारविहाराणामुपयोगः सुखानुबन्धः ॥१०॥
[Definition of Upashaya (pacifying factors)] Medicines, diets and regimens that bring about relief either by acting directly on the cause of a disease or the disease itself or by producing such effects indirectly are termed upashaya (pacifying factors).
english translation