Charak Samhita

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/kalpa-sthana/1/8

त्रिविधः खलु देशः- जाङ्गलः, आनूपः, साधारणश्चेति| तत्र जाङ्गलः पर्याकाशभूयिष्ठः, तरुभिरपि च कदर-खदिरासनाश्वकर्ण-धव-तिनिश-शल्लकी-साल-सोमवल्क-बदरी-तिन्दुकाश्वत्थ-वटामलकीवनगहनः, अनेकशमी-ककुभ-शिंशपाप्रायः, स्थिरशुष्कपवनबलविधूयमानप्रनृत्यत्तरुणविटपः,प्रततमृगतृष्णिकोपगूढतनुखरपरुषसिकताशर्कराबहुलः, लावतित्तिरिचकोरानुचरितभूमिभागः, वातपित्तबहुलः,स्थिरकठिनमनुष्यप्रायो ज्ञेयः, अथानूपो हिन्तालतमालनारिकेलकदलीवनगहनः, सरित्समुद्रपर्यन्तप्रायः, शिशिरपवनबहुलः,वञ्जुलवानीरोपशोभिततीराभिः सरिद्भिरुपगतभूमिभागः, क्षितिधरनिकुञ्जोपशोभितः, मन्दपवनानुवीजितक्षितिरुहगहनः,अनेकवनराजीपुष्पितवनगहनभूमिभागः, स्निग्धतरुप्रतानोपगूढः, हंस-चक्रवाक-बलाका-नन्दीमुख-पुण्डरीक-कादम्ब-मद्गु -भृङ्गराज-शतपत्र-मत्तकोकिलानुनादिततरुविटपः, सुकुमारपुरुषः, पवनकफप्रायो ज्ञेयः; अनयोरेवद्वयोर्देशयोर्वीरुद्वनस्पतिवानस्पत्यशकुनिमृगगणयुतः स्थिरसुकुमारबलवर्णसंहननोपपन्नसाधारणगुणयुक्तपुरुषःसाधारणो ज्ञेयः||८||

sanskrit

[Three Types of Desha (regions or habitats) त्रिविधः खलु देशः- जाङ्गलः, आनूपः, साधारणश्चेति|] A region could be of three types – arid, marshy and medium/normal. Of these, the arid zone is primarily sparse. As regards plants, there are dense fruits of Kadara, Khadira, Asana, Aswakarna, Dhava, Tinisa, Sallaki, Sala, Somavalka, Badari, Tinduka, Asvaittha, Vata and Amalaki, predominance of Sami, Kakubha and Shimshipa, young (immature) plants that are firm, dry and those that, when shaken with severe winds, sway vigorously as if dancing. The land abounds in mirages, is thin, coarse, rough and abounds in sand and gravels. The region is inhabited by birds such as the common quail, partridge, chakora. The place abounds in vata and pitta and is inhabited mostly by firm and hard people. Marshy regions have dense forests of Hintala, Tamala,, coconut trees, and banana plants. These lands adjoin coasts of sea and rivers, abounding in cold breeze. The land is intercepted by water streams having Vanjula and Vanira (willow) plants on banks, adorned with hills and bowers, abounding in trees attended by mild breeze. The region is full of rows of flowered plants in abundance, embraced with amorous branches of trees resounding with coos of swan, Chakravaka, crane, Nandimukha, Pundanka, Kadamba, Madgu, Bhringaraja, Sataparna and the intoxicatingly sweet koyal. The region is typically inhabited by delicate people and is dominated by vata and kapha. A region is considered to be of medium or normal kind that has the combined characters of the above two in respect of plants, birds and animals and is inhabited by people firm, delicate, endowed with strength, complexion and compactness and other medium qualities.

english translation

trividhaH khalu dezaH- jAGgalaH, AnUpaH, sAdhAraNazceti| tatra jAGgalaH paryAkAzabhUyiSThaH, tarubhirapi ca kadara-khadirAsanAzvakarNa-dhava-tiniza-zallakI-sAla-somavalka-badarI-tindukAzvattha-vaTAmalakIvanagahanaH, anekazamI-kakubha-ziMzapAprAyaH, sthirazuSkapavanabalavidhUyamAnapranRtyattaruNaviTapaH,pratatamRgatRSNikopagUDhatanukharaparuSasikatAzarkarAbahulaH, lAvatittiricakorAnucaritabhUmibhAgaH, vAtapittabahulaH,sthirakaThinamanuSyaprAyo jJeyaH, athAnUpo hintAlatamAlanArikelakadalIvanagahanaH, saritsamudraparyantaprAyaH, zizirapavanabahulaH,vaJjulavAnIropazobhitatIrAbhiH saridbhirupagatabhUmibhAgaH, kSitidharanikuJjopazobhitaH, mandapavanAnuvIjitakSitiruhagahanaH,anekavanarAjIpuSpitavanagahanabhUmibhAgaH, snigdhatarupratAnopagUDhaH, haMsa-cakravAka-balAkA-nandImukha-puNDarIka-kAdamba-madgu -bhRGgarAja-zatapatra-mattakokilAnunAditataruviTapaH, sukumArapuruSaH, pavanakaphaprAyo jJeyaH; anayorevadvayordezayorvIrudvanaspativAnaspatyazakunimRgagaNayutaH sthirasukumArabalavarNasaMhananopapannasAdhAraNaguNayuktapuruSaHsAdhAraNo jJeyaH||8||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/kalpa-sthana/1/8

त्रिविधः खलु देशः- जाङ्गलः, आनूपः, साधारणश्चेति| तत्र जाङ्गलः पर्याकाशभूयिष्ठः, तरुभिरपि च कदर-खदिरासनाश्वकर्ण-धव-तिनिश-शल्लकी-साल-सोमवल्क-बदरी-तिन्दुकाश्वत्थ-वटामलकीवनगहनः, अनेकशमी-ककुभ-शिंशपाप्रायः, स्थिरशुष्कपवनबलविधूयमानप्रनृत्यत्तरुणविटपः,प्रततमृगतृष्णिकोपगूढतनुखरपरुषसिकताशर्कराबहुलः, लावतित्तिरिचकोरानुचरितभूमिभागः, वातपित्तबहुलः,स्थिरकठिनमनुष्यप्रायो ज्ञेयः, अथानूपो हिन्तालतमालनारिकेलकदलीवनगहनः, सरित्समुद्रपर्यन्तप्रायः, शिशिरपवनबहुलः,वञ्जुलवानीरोपशोभिततीराभिः सरिद्भिरुपगतभूमिभागः, क्षितिधरनिकुञ्जोपशोभितः, मन्दपवनानुवीजितक्षितिरुहगहनः,अनेकवनराजीपुष्पितवनगहनभूमिभागः, स्निग्धतरुप्रतानोपगूढः, हंस-चक्रवाक-बलाका-नन्दीमुख-पुण्डरीक-कादम्ब-मद्गु -भृङ्गराज-शतपत्र-मत्तकोकिलानुनादिततरुविटपः, सुकुमारपुरुषः, पवनकफप्रायो ज्ञेयः; अनयोरेवद्वयोर्देशयोर्वीरुद्वनस्पतिवानस्पत्यशकुनिमृगगणयुतः स्थिरसुकुमारबलवर्णसंहननोपपन्नसाधारणगुणयुक्तपुरुषःसाधारणो ज्ञेयः||८||

sanskrit

[Three Types of Desha (regions or habitats) त्रिविधः खलु देशः- जाङ्गलः, आनूपः, साधारणश्चेति|] A region could be of three types – arid, marshy and medium/normal. Of these, the arid zone is primarily sparse. As regards plants, there are dense fruits of Kadara, Khadira, Asana, Aswakarna, Dhava, Tinisa, Sallaki, Sala, Somavalka, Badari, Tinduka, Asvaittha, Vata and Amalaki, predominance of Sami, Kakubha and Shimshipa, young (immature) plants that are firm, dry and those that, when shaken with severe winds, sway vigorously as if dancing. The land abounds in mirages, is thin, coarse, rough and abounds in sand and gravels. The region is inhabited by birds such as the common quail, partridge, chakora. The place abounds in vata and pitta and is inhabited mostly by firm and hard people. Marshy regions have dense forests of Hintala, Tamala,, coconut trees, and banana plants. These lands adjoin coasts of sea and rivers, abounding in cold breeze. The land is intercepted by water streams having Vanjula and Vanira (willow) plants on banks, adorned with hills and bowers, abounding in trees attended by mild breeze. The region is full of rows of flowered plants in abundance, embraced with amorous branches of trees resounding with coos of swan, Chakravaka, crane, Nandimukha, Pundanka, Kadamba, Madgu, Bhringaraja, Sataparna and the intoxicatingly sweet koyal. The region is typically inhabited by delicate people and is dominated by vata and kapha. A region is considered to be of medium or normal kind that has the combined characters of the above two in respect of plants, birds and animals and is inhabited by people firm, delicate, endowed with strength, complexion and compactness and other medium qualities.

english translation

trividhaH khalu dezaH- jAGgalaH, AnUpaH, sAdhAraNazceti| tatra jAGgalaH paryAkAzabhUyiSThaH, tarubhirapi ca kadara-khadirAsanAzvakarNa-dhava-tiniza-zallakI-sAla-somavalka-badarI-tindukAzvattha-vaTAmalakIvanagahanaH, anekazamI-kakubha-ziMzapAprAyaH, sthirazuSkapavanabalavidhUyamAnapranRtyattaruNaviTapaH,pratatamRgatRSNikopagUDhatanukharaparuSasikatAzarkarAbahulaH, lAvatittiricakorAnucaritabhUmibhAgaH, vAtapittabahulaH,sthirakaThinamanuSyaprAyo jJeyaH, athAnUpo hintAlatamAlanArikelakadalIvanagahanaH, saritsamudraparyantaprAyaH, zizirapavanabahulaH,vaJjulavAnIropazobhitatIrAbhiH saridbhirupagatabhUmibhAgaH, kSitidharanikuJjopazobhitaH, mandapavanAnuvIjitakSitiruhagahanaH,anekavanarAjIpuSpitavanagahanabhUmibhAgaH, snigdhatarupratAnopagUDhaH, haMsa-cakravAka-balAkA-nandImukha-puNDarIka-kAdamba-madgu -bhRGgarAja-zatapatra-mattakokilAnunAditataruviTapaH, sukumArapuruSaH, pavanakaphaprAyo jJeyaH; anayorevadvayordezayorvIrudvanaspativAnaspatyazakunimRgagaNayutaH sthirasukumArabalavarNasaMhananopapannasAdhAraNaguNayuktapuruSaHsAdhAraNo jJeyaH||8||

hk transliteration by Sanscript