[Kshara karma (application of alkali) and dhupana(fumigation)] The physician conversant with dose, time and agni (heat) may apply alkali in cases amenable to surgical treatment and cauterization according to severity of disease and morbidity.
Wounds attain hardness by being fumigated with aromatic substances and heartwood. The wounds get softened if fumigated with ghrita, marrow or muscle-fat.