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Arthashastra

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अल्प कोशः कुप्य पशु क्षेत्राणि दद्यात्, अल्पं च हिरण्यम् ॥

When wanting in money, the king may give forest produce, cattle, or fields along with a small amount of money.

english translation

शून्यं वा निवेशयितुम् अभ्युत्थितो हिरण्यम् एव दद्यात्, न ग्रामं ग्राम संजात व्यवहार स्थापन अर्थम् ॥

If he is desirous to colonise waste lands, he shall make payments in money alone. and if he is desirous of regulating the affairs of all villages equally, then he shall give no village to any (of his servants).

english translation

एतेन भृतानाम् अभृतानां च विद्या कर्मभ्यां भक्त वेतन विशेषं च कुर्यात् ॥

Thus the king shall not only maintain his servants, but also increase their subsistence and wages in consideration of their learning and work.

english translation

षष्टि वेतनस्य आढकं कृत्वा हिरण्य अनुरूपं भक्तं कुर्यात् ॥

Substituting one ádhaka for the salar of 60 panas payment in gold may be commuted for that in kind.

english translation

पत्त्य् अश्व रथ द्विपाः सूर्य उदये बहिः संधि दिवस वर्जं शिल्प योग्याः कुर्युः ॥

Footmen, horses, chariots, and elephants shall be given necessary training in the art of war at sunrise, on all days but those of conjunction (of planets).

english translation