Arthashastra
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औपवाह्यो अष्ट विध आचरणः कुञ्जर औपवाह्यो धोरण आधान गतिको यष्ट्य् उपवाह्यस् तोत्र उपवाह्यः शुद्ध उपवाह्यो मार्गयुकश् च इति ॥
Elephants trained for riding fall under seven groups: that which suffers a man to mount over it when in company with another elephant (kunjaropaváhya), that which suffers riding when led by a warlike elephant (sánnáhyopaváhya), that which is taught trotting (dhorana), that which is taught various kinds of movements (ádhánagatika), that which can be made to move by using a staff (yashtyupaváhya), that which can be made to move by using an iron hook (totropaváhya), that which can be made to move without whips (suddhopaváhya), and that which is of help in hunting.
english translation
aupavAhyo aSTa vidha AcaraNaH kuJjara aupavAhyo dhoraNa AdhAna gatiko yaSTy upavAhyas totra upavAhyaH zuddha upavAhyo mArgayukaz ca iti ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptतस्य उपविचारः शारद कर्म हीन कर्म नार उष्ट्र कर्म च ॥
Autumnal work (sáradakarma), mean or rough work (hínakarma), and training to respond to signals are the first steps for the above training.
english translation
tasya upavicAraH zArada karma hIna karma nAra uSTra karma ca ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptव्याल एक क्रिया पथः शङ्कितो अवरुद्धो विषमः प्रभिन्नः प्रभिन्न विनिश्चयो मद हेतु विनिश्चयश् च ॥
Rogue elephants can be trained only in one way. The only means to keep them under control is punishment. It has a suspicious aversion to work, is obstinate, of perverse nature, unsteady, willful.
english translation
vyAla eka kriyA pathaH zaGkito avaruddho viSamaH prabhinnaH prabhinna vinizcayo mada hetu vinizcayaz ca ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptतस्य उपविचार आयम्य एक रक्षा कर्म ॥
or of infatuated temper under the influence of rut.
english translation
tasya upavicAra Ayamya eka rakSA karma ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptक्रिया विपन्नो व्यालः शुद्धः सु व्रतो विषमः सर्व दोष प्रदुष्टश् च ॥
Rogue elephants whose training proves a failure may be purely roguish (suddha), clever in roguery (suvrata), perverse (vishama), or possessed of all kinds of vice.
english translation
kriyA vipanno vyAlaH zuddhaH su vrato viSamaH sarva doSa praduSTaz ca ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript