Arthashastra

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/32/6

औपवाह्यो अष्ट विध आचरणः कुञ्जर औपवाह्यो धोरण आधान गतिको यष्ट्य् उपवाह्यस् तोत्र उपवाह्यः शुद्ध उपवाह्यो मार्गयुकश् च इति ॥

sanskrit

Elephants trained for riding fall under seven groups: that which suffers a man to mount over it when in company with another elephant (kunjaropaváhya), that which suffers riding when led by a warlike elephant (sánnáhyopaváhya), that which is taught trotting (dhorana), that which is taught various kinds of movements (ádhánagatika), that which can be made to move by using a staff (yashtyupaváhya), that which can be made to move by using an iron hook (totropaváhya), that which can be made to move without whips (suddhopaváhya), and that which is of help in hunting.

english translation

aupavAhyo aSTa vidha AcaraNaH kuJjara aupavAhyo dhoraNa AdhAna gatiko yaSTy upavAhyas totra upavAhyaH zuddha upavAhyo mArgayukaz ca iti ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/32/7

तस्य उपविचारः शारद कर्म हीन कर्म नार उष्ट्र कर्म च ॥

sanskrit

Autumnal work (sáradakarma), mean or rough work (hínakarma), and training to respond to signals are the first steps for the above training.

english translation

tasya upavicAraH zArada karma hIna karma nAra uSTra karma ca ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/32/8

व्याल एक क्रिया पथः शङ्कितो अवरुद्धो विषमः प्रभिन्नः प्रभिन्न विनिश्चयो मद हेतु विनिश्चयश् च ॥

sanskrit

Rogue elephants can be trained only in one way. The only means to keep them under control is punishment. It has a suspicious aversion to work, is obstinate, of perverse nature, unsteady, willful.

english translation

vyAla eka kriyA pathaH zaGkito avaruddho viSamaH prabhinnaH prabhinna vinizcayo mada hetu vinizcayaz ca ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/32/9

तस्य उपविचार आयम्य एक रक्षा कर्म ॥

sanskrit

or of infatuated temper under the influence of rut.

english translation

tasya upavicAra Ayamya eka rakSA karma ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/32/10

क्रिया विपन्नो व्यालः शुद्धः सु व्रतो विषमः सर्व दोष प्रदुष्टश् च ॥

sanskrit

Rogue elephants whose training proves a failure may be purely roguish (suddha), clever in roguery (suvrata), perverse (vishama), or possessed of all kinds of vice.

english translation

kriyA vipanno vyAlaH zuddhaH su vrato viSamaH sarva doSa praduSTaz ca ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/32/6

औपवाह्यो अष्ट विध आचरणः कुञ्जर औपवाह्यो धोरण आधान गतिको यष्ट्य् उपवाह्यस् तोत्र उपवाह्यः शुद्ध उपवाह्यो मार्गयुकश् च इति ॥

sanskrit

Elephants trained for riding fall under seven groups: that which suffers a man to mount over it when in company with another elephant (kunjaropaváhya), that which suffers riding when led by a warlike elephant (sánnáhyopaváhya), that which is taught trotting (dhorana), that which is taught various kinds of movements (ádhánagatika), that which can be made to move by using a staff (yashtyupaváhya), that which can be made to move by using an iron hook (totropaváhya), that which can be made to move without whips (suddhopaváhya), and that which is of help in hunting.

english translation

aupavAhyo aSTa vidha AcaraNaH kuJjara aupavAhyo dhoraNa AdhAna gatiko yaSTy upavAhyas totra upavAhyaH zuddha upavAhyo mArgayukaz ca iti ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/32/7

तस्य उपविचारः शारद कर्म हीन कर्म नार उष्ट्र कर्म च ॥

sanskrit

Autumnal work (sáradakarma), mean or rough work (hínakarma), and training to respond to signals are the first steps for the above training.

english translation

tasya upavicAraH zArada karma hIna karma nAra uSTra karma ca ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/32/8

व्याल एक क्रिया पथः शङ्कितो अवरुद्धो विषमः प्रभिन्नः प्रभिन्न विनिश्चयो मद हेतु विनिश्चयश् च ॥

sanskrit

Rogue elephants can be trained only in one way. The only means to keep them under control is punishment. It has a suspicious aversion to work, is obstinate, of perverse nature, unsteady, willful.

english translation

vyAla eka kriyA pathaH zaGkito avaruddho viSamaH prabhinnaH prabhinna vinizcayo mada hetu vinizcayaz ca ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/32/9

तस्य उपविचार आयम्य एक रक्षा कर्म ॥

sanskrit

or of infatuated temper under the influence of rut.

english translation

tasya upavicAra Ayamya eka rakSA karma ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/32/10

क्रिया विपन्नो व्यालः शुद्धः सु व्रतो विषमः सर्व दोष प्रदुष्टश् च ॥

sanskrit

Rogue elephants whose training proves a failure may be purely roguish (suddha), clever in roguery (suvrata), perverse (vishama), or possessed of all kinds of vice.

english translation

kriyA vipanno vyAlaH zuddhaH su vrato viSamaH sarva doSa praduSTaz ca ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript