Arthashastra

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/1/1

भूत पूर्वम् अभूत पूर्वं वा जन पदं पर देश अपवाहनेन स्व देश अभिष्यन्द वमनेन वा निवेशयेत् ॥

sanskrit

EITHER by inducing foreigners to immigrate (paradesapraváhanena) or by causing the thickly-populated centres of his own kingdom to send forth the excessive population (svadésábhishyandavámanéna vá), the king may construct villages either on new sites or on old ruins (bhútapúrvama vá).

english translation

bhUta pUrvam abhUta pUrvaM vA jana padaM para deza apavAhanena sva deza abhiSyanda vamanena vA nivezayet ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/1/2

शूद्र कर्षक प्रायं कुल शत अवरं पञ्च कुल शत परं ग्रामं क्रोशद् विक्रोश सीमानम् अन्योन्य आरक्षं निवेशयेत् ॥

sanskrit

Villages consisting each of not less than a hundred families and of not more than five-hundred families of agricultural people of súdra caste, with boundaries extending as far as a krósa (2250 yds.) or two, and capable of protecting each other shall be formed.

english translation

zUdra karSaka prAyaM kula zata avaraM paJca kula zata paraM grAmaM krozad vikroza sImAnam anyonya ArakSaM nivezayet ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/1/3

नली शैल वन भृष्टि दरी सेतु बन्ध शमी शाल्मली क्षीर वृक्षान् अन्तेषु सीम्नां स्थापयेत् ॥

sanskrit

Boundaries shall be denoted by a river, a mountain, forests, bulbous plants (grishti), caves, artificial buildings (sétubandha), or by trees such as sálmali (silk cotton tree), samí (Acacia Suma), and kshíravriksha (milky trees).

english translation

nalI zaila vana bhRSTi darI setu bandha zamI zAlmalI kSIra vRkSAn anteSu sImnAM sthApayet ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/1/4

अष्टशत ग्राम्या मध्ये स्थानीयम्, चतुह्शत ग्राम्या द्रोण मुखम्, द्विशत ग्राम्याः कार्वटिकम्, दश ग्रामी संग्रहेण संग्रहं स्थापयेत् ॥

sanskrit

There shall be set up a stháníya (a fortress of that name) in the centre of eight-hundred villages, a drónamukha in the centre of four-hundred villages, a khárvátika in the centre of two-hundred villages and sangrahana in the midst of a collection of ten villages.

english translation

aSTazata grAmyA madhye sthAnIyam, catuhzata grAmyA droNa mukham, dvizata grAmyAH kArvaTikam, daza grAmI saMgraheNa saMgrahaM sthApayet ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/1/5

अन्तेष्व् अन्त पाल दुर्गाणि जन पद द्वाराण्य् अन्त पाल अधिष्ठितानि स्थापयेत् ॥

sanskrit

here shall be constructed in the extremities of the kingdom forts manned by boundary-guards (antapála) whose duty shall be to guard the entrances into the kingdom.

english translation

anteSv anta pAla durgANi jana pada dvArANy anta pAla adhiSThitAni sthApayet ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/1/1

भूत पूर्वम् अभूत पूर्वं वा जन पदं पर देश अपवाहनेन स्व देश अभिष्यन्द वमनेन वा निवेशयेत् ॥

sanskrit

EITHER by inducing foreigners to immigrate (paradesapraváhanena) or by causing the thickly-populated centres of his own kingdom to send forth the excessive population (svadésábhishyandavámanéna vá), the king may construct villages either on new sites or on old ruins (bhútapúrvama vá).

english translation

bhUta pUrvam abhUta pUrvaM vA jana padaM para deza apavAhanena sva deza abhiSyanda vamanena vA nivezayet ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/1/2

शूद्र कर्षक प्रायं कुल शत अवरं पञ्च कुल शत परं ग्रामं क्रोशद् विक्रोश सीमानम् अन्योन्य आरक्षं निवेशयेत् ॥

sanskrit

Villages consisting each of not less than a hundred families and of not more than five-hundred families of agricultural people of súdra caste, with boundaries extending as far as a krósa (2250 yds.) or two, and capable of protecting each other shall be formed.

english translation

zUdra karSaka prAyaM kula zata avaraM paJca kula zata paraM grAmaM krozad vikroza sImAnam anyonya ArakSaM nivezayet ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/1/3

नली शैल वन भृष्टि दरी सेतु बन्ध शमी शाल्मली क्षीर वृक्षान् अन्तेषु सीम्नां स्थापयेत् ॥

sanskrit

Boundaries shall be denoted by a river, a mountain, forests, bulbous plants (grishti), caves, artificial buildings (sétubandha), or by trees such as sálmali (silk cotton tree), samí (Acacia Suma), and kshíravriksha (milky trees).

english translation

nalI zaila vana bhRSTi darI setu bandha zamI zAlmalI kSIra vRkSAn anteSu sImnAM sthApayet ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/1/4

अष्टशत ग्राम्या मध्ये स्थानीयम्, चतुह्शत ग्राम्या द्रोण मुखम्, द्विशत ग्राम्याः कार्वटिकम्, दश ग्रामी संग्रहेण संग्रहं स्थापयेत् ॥

sanskrit

There shall be set up a stháníya (a fortress of that name) in the centre of eight-hundred villages, a drónamukha in the centre of four-hundred villages, a khárvátika in the centre of two-hundred villages and sangrahana in the midst of a collection of ten villages.

english translation

aSTazata grAmyA madhye sthAnIyam, catuhzata grAmyA droNa mukham, dvizata grAmyAH kArvaTikam, daza grAmI saMgraheNa saMgrahaM sthApayet ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/1/5

अन्तेष्व् अन्त पाल दुर्गाणि जन पद द्वाराण्य् अन्त पाल अधिष्ठितानि स्थापयेत् ॥

sanskrit

here shall be constructed in the extremities of the kingdom forts manned by boundary-guards (antapála) whose duty shall be to guard the entrances into the kingdom.

english translation

anteSv anta pAla durgANi jana pada dvArANy anta pAla adhiSThitAni sthApayet ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript