Surya Siddhanta
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गुरूपदेशाद् विज्ञेयम् कालज्ञानम् अतन्द्रितैः। तोययन्त्रकपालाद्यैर् मयूरनरवानरैः। ससूत्ररेणुगर्भैश् च सम्यक् कालम् प्रसाधयेत्॥
According to the instruction of the preceptor (guru), is to be gained a knowledge of time by the diligent, by water-instruments, the vessel (kapala), etc., by the peacock, man, monkey, and by stringed sand-receptacles, one may determine time accurately.
english translation
पारदाराम्बुसूत्राणि शुल्वतैलजलानि च । बीजानि पाम्सवस् तेषु प्रयोगास् ते +अपि दुर्लभाः॥
Everything else that is combined with mercury, water, string, oil and water mixed with great skill, mercury, sand, applying all these instruments is exceedingly difficult.
english translation
ताम्रपात्रम् अधश्छिद्रम् न्यस्तम् कुण्डे +अमलाम्भसि । षष्टिर् मज्जत्य् अहोरात्रे स्फुटम् यन्त्रम् कपालकम्॥
In a vessel filled with clean water, keep a copper vessel which has a hole in the bottom, this hemispherical instrument will be immersed in water 60 times in a day and night.
english translation
नरयन्त्रम् तथा साधु दिवा च विमले रवौ। छायासम्साधनैः प्रोक्तम् कालसाधनम् उत्तमम्॥
If we have a clear sun in the day, then a superior cone-instrument (narayantra) of height 12 digits (aìgula) is recommended for correction of the shadow.
english translation
ग्रहनक्षत्रचरितम् ज्ञात्वा गोलम् च तत्त्वतः। ग्रहलोकम् अवाप्नोति पर्यायेणात्मवान् नरः॥
Men who know the characteristics of the planets, the stars and the sphere particularly well attain the world of the planets and in the end become self-consecrated (ätmavana).
english translation