Natyashastra

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/2/1

अथ हास्यो नाम हासस्थायिभावात्मकः । स च विकृतपरवेषालङ्कारधार्ष्ट्यलौल्यकुहकासत्प्रलापव्यङ्गदर्शन- दोषोदाहरणादिभिर्विभावैरुत्पद्यते । तस्योष्ठनासाकपोलस्पन्दन- दृष्टिव्याकोशाकुञ्चनस्वेदास्यरागपार्श्वग्रहणादिभिरनुभावैरभिनयः प्रयोक्तव्यः । व्यभिचारिणश्चास्यावहित्थालस्यतन्द्रानिद्रास्वप्नप्रबोधादयः । द्विविधश्चायमात्मस्थः परस्थश्च । यदा स्वयं हसति तदाऽत्मस्थः । यदा तु परं हासयति तदा परस्थः । अत्रानुवंश्ये आर्ये भवतः । विपरितालङ्कारैर्विकृताचराभिधानवेषैश्च । विकृतैरर्थविशेषैर्हसतीति रसः स्मृतो हास्यः ॥ १॥

sanskrit

The Comic Sentiment (hāsya) is the Psychological State based on laughter. It arises from determinants such as distorted or inappropriate attire, ornaments, audacity, greed, trickery, foolish speech, exaggerated gestures, and other similar faults or examples. The consequent expressions of this sentiment include movements like the trembling of the lips, nose, and cheeks, squinting or widening of the eyes, perspiration, blushing, grasping the side, and similar signs. These are the expressions to be used in acting. The supplementary emotions related to this sentiment include indolence, lethargy, sleepiness, drowsiness, and other related conditions. The Comic Sentiment exists in two forms: self-centred and other-centred. When a person laughs himself, it is termed self-centred, but when he causes others to laugh, it is termed other-centred. This is explained in the following verse: "With inverted ornaments, distorted actions, and inappropriate attire, a person who laughs expresses the Comic Sentiment."

english translation

atha hAsyo nAma hAsasthAyibhAvAtmakaH | sa ca vikRtaparaveSAlaGkAradhArSTyalaulyakuhakAsatpralApavyaGgadarzana- doSodAharaNAdibhirvibhAvairutpadyate | tasyoSThanAsAkapolaspandana- dRSTivyAkozAkuJcanasvedAsyarAgapArzvagrahaNAdibhiranubhAvairabhinayaH prayoktavyaH | vyabhicAriNazcAsyAvahitthAlasyatandrAnidrAsvapnaprabodhAdayaH | dvividhazcAyamAtmasthaH parasthazca | yadA svayaM hasati tadA'tmasthaH | yadA tu paraM hAsayati tadA parasthaH | atrAnuvaMzye Arye bhavataH | viparitAlaGkArairvikRtAcarAbhidhAnaveSaizca | vikRtairarthavizeSairhasatIti rasaH smRto hAsyaH || 1||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/2/2

विकृताचारैर्वाक्यैरङ्गविकारैश्च विकृतवेषैश्च । हासयति जनं यस्मात्तस्मज्ज्ज्ञेयो रसो हास्यः ॥२॥

sanskrit

"By distorted actions, words, bodily movements, and inappropriate attire, when a person causes others to laugh, it is known as the Comic Sentiment."

english translation

vikRtAcArairvAkyairaGgavikAraizca vikRtaveSaizca | hAsayati janaM yasmAttasmajjjJeyo raso hAsyaH ||2||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/2/3

स्मितमथ हसितं विहसितमुपहसितं चापहसितमतिहसितम् । द्वौ द्वौ भेदौ स्यातामुत्तममध्याधमप्रकृतौ॥३॥

sanskrit

"Smita (Slight Smile), Hasita (Smile), Vihasita (Gentle Laughter), Upahasita (Laughter of Ridicule), Apahasita (Vulgar Laughter), and Atihasita (Excessive Laughter) — these are the five varieties, which manifest respectively in the superior, middling, and inferior types of persons."

english translation

smitamatha hasitaM vihasitamupahasitaM cApahasitamatihasitam | dvau dvau bhedau syAtAmuttamamadhyAdhamaprakRtau||3||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/2/4

तत्र स्मितहसिते ज्येष्ठानां मध्यानां विहसितोपहसिते च । अधमानामपहसितं ह्यतिहसितं चापि विज्ञेयम् ॥ ४॥

sanskrit

"Among them, the Slight Smile (Smita) and the Smile (Hasita) are to be known for the superior type of persons; the Gentle Laughter (Vihasita) and the Laughter of Ridicule (Upahasita) for the middling type; and the Vulgar Laughter (Apahasita) and the Excessive Laughter (Atihasita) for the inferior type."

english translation

tatra smitahasite jyeSThAnAM madhyAnAM vihasitopahasite ca | adhamAnAmapahasitaM hyatihasitaM cApi vijJeyam || 4||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/2/5

अत्र श्लोकाः - ईषद्विकसितैर्गण्डैः कटाक्षैः सौष्ठवान्वितैः । अलक्षितद्विजं धीरमुत्तमानां स्मितं भवेत् ॥ ५॥

sanskrit

"With slightly expanded cheeks, accompanied by elegant glances and the use of sidelong glances, the Slight Smile (Smita) of the superior type is manifested, and it is observed in a dignified person who is not noticed by others."

english translation

atra zlokAH - ISadvikasitairgaNDaiH kaTAkSaiH sauSThavAnvitaiH | alakSitadvijaM dhIramuttamAnAM smitaM bhavet || 5||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/2/1

अथ हास्यो नाम हासस्थायिभावात्मकः । स च विकृतपरवेषालङ्कारधार्ष्ट्यलौल्यकुहकासत्प्रलापव्यङ्गदर्शन- दोषोदाहरणादिभिर्विभावैरुत्पद्यते । तस्योष्ठनासाकपोलस्पन्दन- दृष्टिव्याकोशाकुञ्चनस्वेदास्यरागपार्श्वग्रहणादिभिरनुभावैरभिनयः प्रयोक्तव्यः । व्यभिचारिणश्चास्यावहित्थालस्यतन्द्रानिद्रास्वप्नप्रबोधादयः । द्विविधश्चायमात्मस्थः परस्थश्च । यदा स्वयं हसति तदाऽत्मस्थः । यदा तु परं हासयति तदा परस्थः । अत्रानुवंश्ये आर्ये भवतः । विपरितालङ्कारैर्विकृताचराभिधानवेषैश्च । विकृतैरर्थविशेषैर्हसतीति रसः स्मृतो हास्यः ॥ १॥

sanskrit

The Comic Sentiment (hāsya) is the Psychological State based on laughter. It arises from determinants such as distorted or inappropriate attire, ornaments, audacity, greed, trickery, foolish speech, exaggerated gestures, and other similar faults or examples. The consequent expressions of this sentiment include movements like the trembling of the lips, nose, and cheeks, squinting or widening of the eyes, perspiration, blushing, grasping the side, and similar signs. These are the expressions to be used in acting. The supplementary emotions related to this sentiment include indolence, lethargy, sleepiness, drowsiness, and other related conditions. The Comic Sentiment exists in two forms: self-centred and other-centred. When a person laughs himself, it is termed self-centred, but when he causes others to laugh, it is termed other-centred. This is explained in the following verse: "With inverted ornaments, distorted actions, and inappropriate attire, a person who laughs expresses the Comic Sentiment."

english translation

atha hAsyo nAma hAsasthAyibhAvAtmakaH | sa ca vikRtaparaveSAlaGkAradhArSTyalaulyakuhakAsatpralApavyaGgadarzana- doSodAharaNAdibhirvibhAvairutpadyate | tasyoSThanAsAkapolaspandana- dRSTivyAkozAkuJcanasvedAsyarAgapArzvagrahaNAdibhiranubhAvairabhinayaH prayoktavyaH | vyabhicAriNazcAsyAvahitthAlasyatandrAnidrAsvapnaprabodhAdayaH | dvividhazcAyamAtmasthaH parasthazca | yadA svayaM hasati tadA'tmasthaH | yadA tu paraM hAsayati tadA parasthaH | atrAnuvaMzye Arye bhavataH | viparitAlaGkArairvikRtAcarAbhidhAnaveSaizca | vikRtairarthavizeSairhasatIti rasaH smRto hAsyaH || 1||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/2/2

विकृताचारैर्वाक्यैरङ्गविकारैश्च विकृतवेषैश्च । हासयति जनं यस्मात्तस्मज्ज्ज्ञेयो रसो हास्यः ॥२॥

sanskrit

"By distorted actions, words, bodily movements, and inappropriate attire, when a person causes others to laugh, it is known as the Comic Sentiment."

english translation

vikRtAcArairvAkyairaGgavikAraizca vikRtaveSaizca | hAsayati janaM yasmAttasmajjjJeyo raso hAsyaH ||2||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/2/3

स्मितमथ हसितं विहसितमुपहसितं चापहसितमतिहसितम् । द्वौ द्वौ भेदौ स्यातामुत्तममध्याधमप्रकृतौ॥३॥

sanskrit

"Smita (Slight Smile), Hasita (Smile), Vihasita (Gentle Laughter), Upahasita (Laughter of Ridicule), Apahasita (Vulgar Laughter), and Atihasita (Excessive Laughter) — these are the five varieties, which manifest respectively in the superior, middling, and inferior types of persons."

english translation

smitamatha hasitaM vihasitamupahasitaM cApahasitamatihasitam | dvau dvau bhedau syAtAmuttamamadhyAdhamaprakRtau||3||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/2/4

तत्र स्मितहसिते ज्येष्ठानां मध्यानां विहसितोपहसिते च । अधमानामपहसितं ह्यतिहसितं चापि विज्ञेयम् ॥ ४॥

sanskrit

"Among them, the Slight Smile (Smita) and the Smile (Hasita) are to be known for the superior type of persons; the Gentle Laughter (Vihasita) and the Laughter of Ridicule (Upahasita) for the middling type; and the Vulgar Laughter (Apahasita) and the Excessive Laughter (Atihasita) for the inferior type."

english translation

tatra smitahasite jyeSThAnAM madhyAnAM vihasitopahasite ca | adhamAnAmapahasitaM hyatihasitaM cApi vijJeyam || 4||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/2/5

अत्र श्लोकाः - ईषद्विकसितैर्गण्डैः कटाक्षैः सौष्ठवान्वितैः । अलक्षितद्विजं धीरमुत्तमानां स्मितं भवेत् ॥ ५॥

sanskrit

"With slightly expanded cheeks, accompanied by elegant glances and the use of sidelong glances, the Slight Smile (Smita) of the superior type is manifested, and it is observed in a dignified person who is not noticed by others."

english translation

atra zlokAH - ISadvikasitairgaNDaiH kaTAkSaiH sauSThavAnvitaiH | alakSitadvijaM dhIramuttamAnAM smitaM bhavet || 5||

hk transliteration