Natyashastra

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/1/46

एतमेतेषां रसानामुत्पत्तिवर्णदैवतान्यभिव्याख्यातानि । इदानीमनुभावविभावव्यभिचारिसंयुक्तानां लक्षणनिदर्शनान्यभिव्याख्यास्यामः । स्थायिभावांश्च रसत्वमुपनेष्यामः । तत्र श‍ृङ्गारो नाम रतिस्थायिभावप्रभवः । उज्ज्वलवेषात्मकः । यत्किञ्चिल्लोके शुचि मेध्यमुज्ज्वलं दर्शनीयं वा तच्छृङ्गारेणोपमीयते । यस्तावदुज्ज्वलवेषः स श‍ृङ्गारवानित्युच्यते । यथा च गोत्रकुलाचारोत्पन्नान्याप्तोपदेशसिद्धानि पुंसां नामानि भवन्ति तथैवेषां रसानां भावानां च नाट्याश्रितानां चार्थानामाचारोत्पन्नान्योप्तोपदेशसिद्धानि नामानि । एवमेष आचारसिद्धो हृद्योज्ज्वलवेषात्मकत्वाच्छृङ्गारो रसः । स च स्त्रीपुरुषहेतुक उत्तमयुवप्रकृतिः । तस्य द्वे अधिष्ठाने सम्भोगो विप्रलम्भश्च । तत्र सम्भोगस्तावत् ऋतुमाल्यानुलेपनालङ्कारेष्टजनविषयवरभवनोपभोगोपवन- गमनानुभवनश्रवणदर्शनक्रीडालीलादिभिर्विभावैरुत्पद्यते । तस्य नयनचातुर्यभ्रूक्षेपकटाक्षसञ्चारललितमधुराङ्गहारवाक्यादिभिरनुभावैरभिनयः प्रयोक्तव्यः । व्यभिचारिणश्चास्यालस्यौग्र्यजुगुप्सावर्ज्याः । विप्रलम्भकृतस्तु निर्वेदग्लानिशङ्कासूयाश्रमचिन्तौत्सुक्यनिद्रास्वप्नविबोधव्याध्युन्मादमदापस्मारजाड्यमरणादिभिरनुभावैरभिनेतव्यः । अत्राह - यद्ययं रतिप्रभवः श‍ृङ्गारः कथमस्य करुणाश्रयिणो भावा भवन्ति । अत्रोच्यते - पूर्वमेवाभिहितं सम्भोगविप्रलम्भकृतः श‍ृङ्गार इति । वैशिकशास्त्रकारैश्च दशावस्थोऽभिहितः । ताश्च सामान्याभिनये वक्ष्यामः । करुणस्तु शापक्लेशविनिपतितेष्टजनविभवनाशवधबन्धसमुत्थो निरपेक्षभावः । औत्सुक्यचिन्तासमुत्थः सापेक्षभावो विप्रलम्भकृतः । एवमन्यः करुणोऽन्यश्च विप्रलम्भ इति । एवमेष सर्वभावसंयुक्तः श‍ृङ्गारो भवति । अपि च सुखप्रायेषु सम्पन्नः ऋतुमाल्यदिसेवकः । पुरुषः प्रमदायुक्तः श‍ृङ्गार इति संज्ञितः ॥ ४६॥

sanskrit

These are the descriptions of the sources of the sentiments (rasas) and their divine associations. Now, we will describe the characteristics of the various emotions and their combined forms. The first sentiment is Śṛṅgāra, which originates from the stable emotion of love (rati). It is characterized by a bright and attractive appearance. Anything in the world that is pure, intellectual, radiant, and aesthetically pleasing is compared to Śṛṅgāra. The sentiment is represented by a person who has an appealing and radiant appearance. As in the case of a person’s name or identity, which is based on their heritage or teaching, the same applies to the sentiments and emotions in dramatic arts. Thus, Śṛṅgāra is a sentiment of charm, marked by a person’s radiant appearance. It is primarily associated with romantic love, involving both men and women. The experience of this sentiment can be broken into two states: Sambhoga (union) and Vipralambha (separation). In Sambhoga, various emotions are generated, such as experiences related to seasons, attire, ornaments, the delight of meeting the beloved, visits to gardens, etc. These are expressed through various gestures, looks, and sweet words, such as eye movements, glances, gestures, and pleasant speech. On the other hand, Vipralambha (separation) is expressed through feelings of longing, sorrow, and frustration. These emotions are characterized by experiences like despair, tiredness, doubts, jealousy, loneliness, etc. These feelings are expressed through bodily and mental states, such as fatigue, confusion, sleeplessness, sickness, madness, and sometimes even death. In the case of Śṛṅgāra, even though it is rooted in love, it also intertwines with the sentiment of Karuṇā (compassion), because, in separation, the emotions of love can give rise to feelings of sorrow. Similarly, the sentiment of Vipralambha can also invoke compassion as a result of separation. In this way, Śṛṅgāra, though rooted in romantic love, has the power to evoke various other feelings, both positive and negative. Furthermore, it is associated with a person who is full of charm, dressed in beautiful attire, and generally is an epitome of happiness and brightness, creating an aura of beauty and joy. In conclusion, Śṛṅgāra is the sentiment that arises from the primary emotion of love (rati), and it can be further influenced by different emotional states. It is a sentiment that flourishes when there is beauty, brightness, and love in its full expression.

english translation

etameteSAM rasAnAmutpattivarNadaivatAnyabhivyAkhyAtAni | idAnImanubhAvavibhAvavyabhicArisaMyuktAnAM lakSaNanidarzanAnyabhivyAkhyAsyAmaH | sthAyibhAvAMzca rasatvamupaneSyAmaH | tatra za‍RGgAro nAma ratisthAyibhAvaprabhavaH | ujjvalaveSAtmakaH | yatkiJcilloke zuci medhyamujjvalaM darzanIyaM vA tacchRGgAreNopamIyate | yastAvadujjvalaveSaH sa za‍RGgAravAnityucyate | yathA ca gotrakulAcArotpannAnyAptopadezasiddhAni puMsAM nAmAni bhavanti tathaiveSAM rasAnAM bhAvAnAM ca nATyAzritAnAM cArthAnAmAcArotpannAnyoptopadezasiddhAni nAmAni | evameSa AcArasiddho hRdyojjvalaveSAtmakatvAcchRGgAro rasaH | sa ca strIpuruSahetuka uttamayuvaprakRtiH | tasya dve adhiSThAne sambhogo vipralambhazca | tatra sambhogastAvat RtumAlyAnulepanAlaGkAreSTajanaviSayavarabhavanopabhogopavana- gamanAnubhavanazravaNadarzanakrIDAlIlAdibhirvibhAvairutpadyate | tasya nayanacAturyabhrUkSepakaTAkSasaJcAralalitamadhurAGgahAravAkyAdibhiranubhAvairabhinayaH prayoktavyaH | vyabhicAriNazcAsyAlasyaugryajugupsAvarjyAH | vipralambhakRtastu nirvedaglAnizaGkAsUyAzramacintautsukyanidrAsvapnavibodhavyAdhyunmAdamadApasmArajADyamaraNAdibhiranubhAvairabhinetavyaH | atrAha - yadyayaM ratiprabhavaH za‍RGgAraH kathamasya karuNAzrayiNo bhAvA bhavanti | atrocyate - pUrvamevAbhihitaM sambhogavipralambhakRtaH za‍RGgAra iti | vaizikazAstrakAraizca dazAvastho'bhihitaH | tAzca sAmAnyAbhinaye vakSyAmaH | karuNastu zApaklezavinipatiteSTajanavibhavanAzavadhabandhasamuttho nirapekSabhAvaH | autsukyacintAsamutthaH sApekSabhAvo vipralambhakRtaH | evamanyaH karuNo'nyazca vipralambha iti | evameSa sarvabhAvasaMyuktaH za‍RGgAro bhavati | api ca sukhaprAyeSu sampannaH RtumAlyadisevakaH | puruSaH pramadAyuktaH za‍RGgAra iti saMjJitaH || 46||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/1/47

अपि चात्र सूत्रार्थानुविद्धे आर्ये भवतः । ऋतुमाल्यालङ्कारैः प्रियजनगान्धर्वकाव्यसेवाभिः । उपवनगमनविहारैः श‍ृङ्गाररसः समुद्भवति ॥ ४७॥

sanskrit

Furthermore, the sentiment of Śṛṅgāra arises from the experiences associated with the adornment of seasonal flowers, the enjoyment of music and poetry with one's beloved, and the visits to gardens. It is through these experiences and the atmosphere created by them that the sentiment of Śṛṅgāra is born.

english translation

api cAtra sUtrArthAnuviddhe Arye bhavataH | RtumAlyAlaGkAraiH priyajanagAndharvakAvyasevAbhiH | upavanagamanavihAraiH za‍RGgArarasaH samudbhavati || 47||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/1/48

नयनवदनप्रसादैः स्मितमधुरवचोधृतिप्रमोदैश्च । मधुरैश्चाङ्गविहारैस्तस्याभिनयः प्रयोक्तव्यः ॥ ४८॥

sanskrit

Through the grace of the eyes, the beauty of the face, sweet smiles, the sweetness of speech, expressions of joy, and gentle movements of the body, the performance of Śṛṅgāra (the sentiment of love) should be portrayed.

english translation

nayanavadanaprasAdaiH smitamadhuravacodhRtipramodaizca | madhuraizcAGgavihAraistasyAbhinayaH prayoktavyaH || 48||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/1/46

एतमेतेषां रसानामुत्पत्तिवर्णदैवतान्यभिव्याख्यातानि । इदानीमनुभावविभावव्यभिचारिसंयुक्तानां लक्षणनिदर्शनान्यभिव्याख्यास्यामः । स्थायिभावांश्च रसत्वमुपनेष्यामः । तत्र श‍ृङ्गारो नाम रतिस्थायिभावप्रभवः । उज्ज्वलवेषात्मकः । यत्किञ्चिल्लोके शुचि मेध्यमुज्ज्वलं दर्शनीयं वा तच्छृङ्गारेणोपमीयते । यस्तावदुज्ज्वलवेषः स श‍ृङ्गारवानित्युच्यते । यथा च गोत्रकुलाचारोत्पन्नान्याप्तोपदेशसिद्धानि पुंसां नामानि भवन्ति तथैवेषां रसानां भावानां च नाट्याश्रितानां चार्थानामाचारोत्पन्नान्योप्तोपदेशसिद्धानि नामानि । एवमेष आचारसिद्धो हृद्योज्ज्वलवेषात्मकत्वाच्छृङ्गारो रसः । स च स्त्रीपुरुषहेतुक उत्तमयुवप्रकृतिः । तस्य द्वे अधिष्ठाने सम्भोगो विप्रलम्भश्च । तत्र सम्भोगस्तावत् ऋतुमाल्यानुलेपनालङ्कारेष्टजनविषयवरभवनोपभोगोपवन- गमनानुभवनश्रवणदर्शनक्रीडालीलादिभिर्विभावैरुत्पद्यते । तस्य नयनचातुर्यभ्रूक्षेपकटाक्षसञ्चारललितमधुराङ्गहारवाक्यादिभिरनुभावैरभिनयः प्रयोक्तव्यः । व्यभिचारिणश्चास्यालस्यौग्र्यजुगुप्सावर्ज्याः । विप्रलम्भकृतस्तु निर्वेदग्लानिशङ्कासूयाश्रमचिन्तौत्सुक्यनिद्रास्वप्नविबोधव्याध्युन्मादमदापस्मारजाड्यमरणादिभिरनुभावैरभिनेतव्यः । अत्राह - यद्ययं रतिप्रभवः श‍ृङ्गारः कथमस्य करुणाश्रयिणो भावा भवन्ति । अत्रोच्यते - पूर्वमेवाभिहितं सम्भोगविप्रलम्भकृतः श‍ृङ्गार इति । वैशिकशास्त्रकारैश्च दशावस्थोऽभिहितः । ताश्च सामान्याभिनये वक्ष्यामः । करुणस्तु शापक्लेशविनिपतितेष्टजनविभवनाशवधबन्धसमुत्थो निरपेक्षभावः । औत्सुक्यचिन्तासमुत्थः सापेक्षभावो विप्रलम्भकृतः । एवमन्यः करुणोऽन्यश्च विप्रलम्भ इति । एवमेष सर्वभावसंयुक्तः श‍ृङ्गारो भवति । अपि च सुखप्रायेषु सम्पन्नः ऋतुमाल्यदिसेवकः । पुरुषः प्रमदायुक्तः श‍ृङ्गार इति संज्ञितः ॥ ४६॥

sanskrit

These are the descriptions of the sources of the sentiments (rasas) and their divine associations. Now, we will describe the characteristics of the various emotions and their combined forms. The first sentiment is Śṛṅgāra, which originates from the stable emotion of love (rati). It is characterized by a bright and attractive appearance. Anything in the world that is pure, intellectual, radiant, and aesthetically pleasing is compared to Śṛṅgāra. The sentiment is represented by a person who has an appealing and radiant appearance. As in the case of a person’s name or identity, which is based on their heritage or teaching, the same applies to the sentiments and emotions in dramatic arts. Thus, Śṛṅgāra is a sentiment of charm, marked by a person’s radiant appearance. It is primarily associated with romantic love, involving both men and women. The experience of this sentiment can be broken into two states: Sambhoga (union) and Vipralambha (separation). In Sambhoga, various emotions are generated, such as experiences related to seasons, attire, ornaments, the delight of meeting the beloved, visits to gardens, etc. These are expressed through various gestures, looks, and sweet words, such as eye movements, glances, gestures, and pleasant speech. On the other hand, Vipralambha (separation) is expressed through feelings of longing, sorrow, and frustration. These emotions are characterized by experiences like despair, tiredness, doubts, jealousy, loneliness, etc. These feelings are expressed through bodily and mental states, such as fatigue, confusion, sleeplessness, sickness, madness, and sometimes even death. In the case of Śṛṅgāra, even though it is rooted in love, it also intertwines with the sentiment of Karuṇā (compassion), because, in separation, the emotions of love can give rise to feelings of sorrow. Similarly, the sentiment of Vipralambha can also invoke compassion as a result of separation. In this way, Śṛṅgāra, though rooted in romantic love, has the power to evoke various other feelings, both positive and negative. Furthermore, it is associated with a person who is full of charm, dressed in beautiful attire, and generally is an epitome of happiness and brightness, creating an aura of beauty and joy. In conclusion, Śṛṅgāra is the sentiment that arises from the primary emotion of love (rati), and it can be further influenced by different emotional states. It is a sentiment that flourishes when there is beauty, brightness, and love in its full expression.

english translation

etameteSAM rasAnAmutpattivarNadaivatAnyabhivyAkhyAtAni | idAnImanubhAvavibhAvavyabhicArisaMyuktAnAM lakSaNanidarzanAnyabhivyAkhyAsyAmaH | sthAyibhAvAMzca rasatvamupaneSyAmaH | tatra za‍RGgAro nAma ratisthAyibhAvaprabhavaH | ujjvalaveSAtmakaH | yatkiJcilloke zuci medhyamujjvalaM darzanIyaM vA tacchRGgAreNopamIyate | yastAvadujjvalaveSaH sa za‍RGgAravAnityucyate | yathA ca gotrakulAcArotpannAnyAptopadezasiddhAni puMsAM nAmAni bhavanti tathaiveSAM rasAnAM bhAvAnAM ca nATyAzritAnAM cArthAnAmAcArotpannAnyoptopadezasiddhAni nAmAni | evameSa AcArasiddho hRdyojjvalaveSAtmakatvAcchRGgAro rasaH | sa ca strIpuruSahetuka uttamayuvaprakRtiH | tasya dve adhiSThAne sambhogo vipralambhazca | tatra sambhogastAvat RtumAlyAnulepanAlaGkAreSTajanaviSayavarabhavanopabhogopavana- gamanAnubhavanazravaNadarzanakrIDAlIlAdibhirvibhAvairutpadyate | tasya nayanacAturyabhrUkSepakaTAkSasaJcAralalitamadhurAGgahAravAkyAdibhiranubhAvairabhinayaH prayoktavyaH | vyabhicAriNazcAsyAlasyaugryajugupsAvarjyAH | vipralambhakRtastu nirvedaglAnizaGkAsUyAzramacintautsukyanidrAsvapnavibodhavyAdhyunmAdamadApasmArajADyamaraNAdibhiranubhAvairabhinetavyaH | atrAha - yadyayaM ratiprabhavaH za‍RGgAraH kathamasya karuNAzrayiNo bhAvA bhavanti | atrocyate - pUrvamevAbhihitaM sambhogavipralambhakRtaH za‍RGgAra iti | vaizikazAstrakAraizca dazAvastho'bhihitaH | tAzca sAmAnyAbhinaye vakSyAmaH | karuNastu zApaklezavinipatiteSTajanavibhavanAzavadhabandhasamuttho nirapekSabhAvaH | autsukyacintAsamutthaH sApekSabhAvo vipralambhakRtaH | evamanyaH karuNo'nyazca vipralambha iti | evameSa sarvabhAvasaMyuktaH za‍RGgAro bhavati | api ca sukhaprAyeSu sampannaH RtumAlyadisevakaH | puruSaH pramadAyuktaH za‍RGgAra iti saMjJitaH || 46||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/1/47

अपि चात्र सूत्रार्थानुविद्धे आर्ये भवतः । ऋतुमाल्यालङ्कारैः प्रियजनगान्धर्वकाव्यसेवाभिः । उपवनगमनविहारैः श‍ृङ्गाररसः समुद्भवति ॥ ४७॥

sanskrit

Furthermore, the sentiment of Śṛṅgāra arises from the experiences associated with the adornment of seasonal flowers, the enjoyment of music and poetry with one's beloved, and the visits to gardens. It is through these experiences and the atmosphere created by them that the sentiment of Śṛṅgāra is born.

english translation

api cAtra sUtrArthAnuviddhe Arye bhavataH | RtumAlyAlaGkAraiH priyajanagAndharvakAvyasevAbhiH | upavanagamanavihAraiH za‍RGgArarasaH samudbhavati || 47||

hk transliteration by Sanscript

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/1/48

नयनवदनप्रसादैः स्मितमधुरवचोधृतिप्रमोदैश्च । मधुरैश्चाङ्गविहारैस्तस्याभिनयः प्रयोक्तव्यः ॥ ४८॥

sanskrit

Through the grace of the eyes, the beauty of the face, sweet smiles, the sweetness of speech, expressions of joy, and gentle movements of the body, the performance of Śṛṅgāra (the sentiment of love) should be portrayed.

english translation

nayanavadanaprasAdaiH smitamadhuravacodhRtipramodaizca | madhuraizcAGgavihAraistasyAbhinayaH prayoktavyaH || 48||

hk transliteration by Sanscript