Charak Samhita

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अथप्रतिज्ञाहानिः- प्रतिज्ञाहानिर्नामसापूर्वपरिगृहीतांप्रतिज्ञांपर्यनुयुक्तोयत्परित्यजति, यथाप्राक्प्रतिज्ञांकृत्वानित्यःपुरुषइति, पर्यनुयुक्तस्त्वाह- अनित्यइति ||६१||

sanskrit

[40. Pratijnahani (change of proposition)] Pratijnahani is defined as when one gives up the original proposition after having been questioned. For instance, somebody puts proposition in the beginning as, the self (purusha) is eternal, but when questioned says that it is non-eternal then such change of proposition after questioning is called as Pratijnahani.

english translation

athapratijJAhAniH- pratijJAhAnirnAmasApUrvaparigRhItAMpratijJAMparyanuyuktoyatparityajati, yathAprAkpratijJAMkRtvAnityaHpuruSaiti, paryanuyuktastvAha- anityaiti ||61||

hk transliteration

अथाभ्यनुज्ञा- अभ्यनुज्ञानामसायइष्टानिष्टाभ्युपगमः ||६२||

sanskrit

[41. Abhyanujna (acceptance)] Abhyanujna is acceptance of the desired as well as the undesired situations.

english translation

athAbhyanujJA- abhyanujJAnAmasAyaiSTAniSTAbhyupagamaH ||62||

hk transliteration

अथहेत्वन्तरं- हेत्वन्तरंनामप्रकृतहेतौवाच्येयद्विकृतहेतुमाह ||६३||

sanskrit

[42. Hetvantara (change in statement of cause)] Hetvantara is that where some imperfect reason (vikritahetu) is stated instead of perfect reason (prakritahetu).

english translation

athahetvantaraM- hetvantaraMnAmaprakRtahetauvAcyeyadvikRtahetumAha ||63||

hk transliteration

अथार्थान्तरम्- अर्थान्तरंनामैकस्मिन्वक्तव्येऽपरंयदाह| यथा- ज्वरलक्षणेवाच्येप्रमेहलक्षणमाह ||६४||

sanskrit

[43. Arthantara (statement of irrelevant meaning)] Arthantara is that where some other thing is said instead of the relevant one. For instance, one has to say the symptoms of jwara (fever) but instead he says those of prameha.

english translation

athArthAntaram- arthAntaraMnAmaikasminvaktavye'paraMyadAha| yathA- jvaralakSaNevAcyepramehalakSaNamAha ||64||

hk transliteration

अथनिग्रहस्थानं- निग्रहस्थानंनामपराजयप्राप्तिः; तच्चत्रिरभिहितस्यवाक्यस्यापरिज्ञानंपरिषदिविज्ञानवत्यां, यद्वाअननुयोज्यस्यानुयोगोऽनुयोज्यस्यचाननुयोगः| प्रतिज्ञाहानिः, अभ्यनुज्ञा, कालातीतवचनम्, अहेतुः, न्यूनम्, अधिकं, व्यर्थम्, अनर्थकं, पुनरुक्तं, विरुद्धं, हेत्वन्तरम्, अर्थान्तरंचनिग्रहस्थानम् ||६५||

sanskrit

[44.Nigrahasthana (stage of defeat and its reasons)] Nigrahasthana is that by which one is defeated. It consists of not understanding a statement even if repeated thrice in a learned assembly or questioning where it is not pertinent and not questioning where it is pertinent. Over and above, pratijnahani, abhyanujna, kalatita vachana, ahetu, nyuna, adhika, vyartha, anarthaka, punarukta, viruddha, hetvantara and arthantara are reasons of defeat.

english translation

athanigrahasthAnaM- nigrahasthAnaMnAmaparAjayaprAptiH; taccatrirabhihitasyavAkyasyAparijJAnaMpariSadivijJAnavatyAM, yadvAananuyojyasyAnuyogo'nuyojyasyacAnanuyogaH| pratijJAhAniH, abhyanujJA, kAlAtItavacanam, ahetuH, nyUnam, adhikaM, vyartham, anarthakaM, punaruktaM, viruddhaM, hetvantaram, arthAntaraMcanigrahasthAnam ||65||

hk transliteration