Charak Samhita

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एवमेव पुरुषस्य यदा बीजे बीजभागः प्रदोषमापद्यते, तदा वन्ध्यं जनयति; यदा पुनरस्य बीजे बीजभागावयवःप्रदोषमापद्यते, तदा पूतिप्रजं जनयति; यदा त्वस्य बीजे बीजभागावयवः पुरुषकराणां च शरीरबीजभागानामेकदेशःप्रदोषमापद्यते, तदा पुरुषाकृतिभूयिष्ठमपुरुषं तृणपुत्रिकं नाम जनयति; तां पुरुषव्यापदमाचक्षते ॥३१॥

In the same way, when the part of the beeja (gene of a sperm) is markedly vitiated, then this gives birth to a vandhya (sterile) child. When the beejabhagavayava (chromosome) is extremely vitiated, then this gives birth to a putipraja (whose child dies before delivery). When the beejabhagavayava of sperm and also portions of the beejabhaga, which are responsible for the production of organs that differentiate a male, are greatly vitiated, then this gives birth to a child who is not a male but only having masculine distinctiveness in abundance. Such a type of child is known as trinaputrika. These deformities are caused by the vitiation of the sperm (male genes and chromosomes).

english translation