Charak Samhita

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यच्चोक्तं- यदि च मनुष्यो मनुष्यप्रभवः, कस्मान्न जडादिभ्यो जाताः पितृसदृशरूपा भवन्तीति; तत्रोच्यते-यस्य यस्यह्यङ्गावयवस्य बीजे बीज भाग उपतप्तो भवति, तस्य तस्याङ्गावयवस्य विकृतिरुपजायते, नोपजायते चानुपतापात्;तस्मादुभयोपपत्तिरप्यत्र| सर्वस्य चात्मजानीन्द्रियाणि, तेषां भावाभावहेतुर्दैवं; तस्मान्नैकान्ततो जडादिभ्यो जाताः पितृसदृशरूपा भवन्ति ||१७||

sanskrit

So, the answer to the previous question “if the human being is a product of another human being, why is a progeny of a dull human being not always dull?” is that, if the part of the beeja (seed - sperm or ovum) responsible for the development of a specific organ is afflicted, the respective organ will be afflicted too. However, if the beeja is not afflicted, there would be no affliction of the respective organ. So both the possibilities are there. In fact, the sense organs of all the living beings are derived from the soul and their presence or absence is determined by karma i.e. the result of the past action. So the offspring of dull parents do not necessarily resemble their parents in those qualities.

english translation

yaccoktaM- yadi ca manuSyo manuSyaprabhavaH, kasmAnna jaDAdibhyo jAtAH pitRsadRzarUpA bhavantIti; tatrocyate-yasya yasyahyaGgAvayavasya bIje bIja bhAga upatapto bhavati, tasya tasyAGgAvayavasya vikRtirupajAyate, nopajAyate cAnupatApAt;tasmAdubhayopapattirapyatra| sarvasya cAtmajAnIndriyANi, teSAM bhAvAbhAvaheturdaivaM; tasmAnnaikAntato jaDAdibhyo jAtAH pitRsadRzarUpA bhavanti ||17||

hk transliteration