Charak Samhita

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अथात उन्मादनिदानं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||

sanskrit

Now we shall expound the chapter "Unmada Nidana" (Diagnosis and etiopathogenesis of psychosis disorders).

english translation

athAta unmAdanidAnaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH ||1||

hk transliteration

इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः ||२||

sanskrit

Thus said Lord Atreya.

english translation

iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH ||2||

hk transliteration

इह खलु पञ्चोन्मादा भवन्ति| तद्यथा- वातपित्तकफसन्निपातागन्तुनिमित्ताः ||३||

sanskrit

[Five types of unmada] There are five types of unmada such as those caused due to the three doshas, sannipata (simultaneous vitiation of the three doshas), and exogenous causes.

english translation

iha khalu paJconmAdA bhavanti| tadyathA- vAtapittakaphasannipAtAgantunimittAH ||3||

hk transliteration

तत्र दोषनिमित्ताश्चत्वारः पुरुषाणामेवंविधानां क्षिप्रमभिनिर्वर्तन्ते; तद्यथा- भीरूणामुपक्लिष्टसत्त्वानामुत्सन्नदोषाणां समलविकृतोपहितान्यनुचितान्याहारजातानि वैषम्ययुक्तेनोपयोगविधिनोपयुञ्जानानां तन्त्रप्रयोगमपि विषममाचरतामन्याश्च शरीरचेष्टा विषमाः समाचरतामत्युपक्षीणदेहानां व्याधिवेगसमुद्भ्रमितानामुपहतमनसां वा कामक्रोधलोभहर्षभयमोहायासशोकचिन्तोद्वेगादिभिर्भूयोऽभिघाताभ्याहतानां वा मनस्युपहते बुद्धौ च प्रचलितायामभ्युदीर्णा दोषाः प्रकुपिता हृदयमुपसृत्य मनोवहानि स्रोतांस्यावृत्य जनयन्त्युन्मादम् ||४||

sanskrit

[Individuals prone to unmada] This verse describes the qualities of a person prone to getting afflicted with unmada, as well as the conditions that are conducive to the affliction of the disease: 1. Four types of doshika unmada quickly manifest in individuals who are fearful, confused and complicated, who do not know societal rules and norms, and who lead erratic lifestyles and dietary habits (unclean, unwholesome, untimely eating habits, as well as neglecting any prescribed dietetic rules). Doshas in such individuals are in a volatile state and are prone to getting vitiated. 2. Resorting to specific lifestyle activities that are not conducive to good health, especially when a. the body is exceedingly weak & cachexic; b. the person is ailing from various diseases; c. the mind is afflicted repeatedly by desires, anger, greed, excitement, fear, attachment, exertion, anxiety and grief; and d. the person is subjected to excessive mental trauma / physical assault. Such individuals often get afflicted with subclinical mental disorders, leading to unstable intellect because of volatile doshas. When the seat of consciousness, wisdom, and the system that regulates mental activities are badly affected, then all these factors lead to the manifestation of unmada.

english translation

tatra doSanimittAzcatvAraH puruSANAmevaMvidhAnAM kSipramabhinirvartante; tadyathA- bhIrUNAmupakliSTasattvAnAmutsannadoSANAM samalavikRtopahitAnyanucitAnyAhArajAtAni vaiSamyayuktenopayogavidhinopayuJjAnAnAM tantraprayogamapi viSamamAcaratAmanyAzca zarIraceSTA viSamAH samAcaratAmatyupakSINadehAnAM vyAdhivegasamudbhramitAnAmupahatamanasAM vA kAmakrodhalobhaharSabhayamohAyAsazokacintodvegAdibhirbhUyo'bhighAtAbhyAhatAnAM vA manasyupahate buddhau ca pracalitAyAmabhyudIrNA doSAH prakupitA hRdayamupasRtya manovahAni srotAMsyAvRtya janayantyunmAdam ||4||

hk transliteration

उन्मादं पुनर्मनोबुद्धिसञ्ज्ञाज्ञानस्मृतिभक्तिशीलचेष्टाचारविभ्रमंविद्यात् ||५||

sanskrit

[Types of cognitive distortions] unmada is again defined as cognitive distortion pertaining to mind, intellect, consciousness, knowledge, memory, desire, attitude, activities and behavior.

english translation

unmAdaM punarmanobuddhisaJjJAjJAnasmRtibhaktizIlaceSTAcAravibhramaMvidyAt ||5||

hk transliteration