are coarsely ground (jarjaram), mixed with fat (ghee or oil) and cow's urine, placed inside a pair of earthen bowls (śarāva) whose joints are sealed with mud (mṛl-lipte), and subjected to concealed heating (antar-dhūmam). The alkali thus obtained is known as Kalyāṇaka Kṣāra.
are coarsely ground (jarjaram), mixed with fat (ghee or oil) and cow's urine, placed inside a pair of earthen bowls (śarāva) whose joints are sealed with mud (mṛl-lipte), and subjected to concealed heating (antar-dhūmam). The alkali thus obtained is known as Kalyāṇaka Kṣāra.