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"व्यस्यत्य् एनं श्रेयस इति व्यसनम्" इति ॥
for example: "That which throws off (vyasyati) a king from his prosperous career is propensity (vyasana).
english translation
दृष्ट अन्तो दृष्ट अन्त युक्तो निदर्शनम् ॥
The mentioning of a fact to illustrate a statement, is illustration.
english translation
"विगृहीतो हि ज्यायसा हस्तिना पाद युद्धम् इव अभ्युपैति" इति ॥
for example: "In war with a superior, the inferior will be reduced to the same condition as that of a foot-soldier fighting with an elephant."
english translation
अभिप्लुत व्यपकर्षणम् अपवर्गः ॥
Removal of an undesired implication from a statement is exception.
english translation
"नित्यम् आसन्नम् अरि बलं वासयेद् अन्यत्र अभ्यन्तर कोप शङ्कायाः" इति ॥
for example: "A king may allow his enemy's army to be present close to his territory, unless he suspects of the existence of any internal trouble."
english translation