Arthashastra
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उक्ता सर्वेषां भूमिः ॥
Positions suitable for all the constituents of the army have been treated of.
english translation
uktA sarveSAM bhUmiH ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptएतया सर्व बल निवेशा युद्धानि च व्याख्यातानि भवन्ति ॥
This explains the nature of the ground which is fit for the camp or battle of all kinds of the army.
english translation
etayA sarva bala nivezA yuddhAni ca vyAkhyAtAni bhavanti ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptभूमि वास वन विचयो अविषम तोय तीर्थ वात रश्मि ग्रहणं वीवध आसारयोर् घातो रक्षा वा विशुद्धिः स्थापना च बलस्य प्रसार वृद्धिर् बाहु उत्सारः पूर्व प्रहारो व्यावेशनं व्यावेधनम् आश्वासो ग्रहणं मोक्षणं मार्ग अनुसार विनिमयः कोश कुमार अभिहरणं जघन कोट्य् अभिघातो हीन अनुसारणम् अनुयानं समाज कर्म इत्य् अश्व कर्माणि ॥
Concentration on occupied positions, in camps and forests; holding the ropes (of beasts and other things) while crossing the rivers or when the wind is blowing hard; destruction or protection of the commissariat and of troops arriving afresh; supervision of the discipline of the army; lengthening the line of the army; protecting the sides of the army; first attack; dispersion (of the enemy's army); trampling it down; defence; seizing; letting it out; causing the army to take a different direction; carrying the treasury and the princes; falling against the rear of the enemy; chasing the timid; pursuit; and concentration--these constitute the work of horses.
english translation
bhUmi vAsa vana vicayo aviSama toya tIrtha vAta razmi grahaNaM vIvadha AsArayor ghAto rakSA vA vizuddhiH sthApanA ca balasya prasAra vRddhir bAhu utsAraH pUrva prahAro vyAvezanaM vyAvedhanam AzvAso grahaNaM mokSaNaM mArga anusAra vinimayaH koza kumAra abhiharaNaM jaghana koTy abhighAto hIna anusAraNam anuyAnaM samAja karma ity azva karmANi ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptपुरो यानम् अकृत मार्ग वास तीर्थ कर्म बाहु उत्सारस् तोय तरण अवतरणे स्थान गमन अवतरणं विषम सम्बाध प्रवेशो अग्नि दान शमनम् एक अङ्ग विजयो भिन्न संधानम् अभिन्न भेदनं व्यसने त्राणम् अभिघातो विभीषिका त्रासनं औदार्यं ग्रहणं मोक्षणं साल द्वार अट्टालक भञ्जनं कोश वाहन अपवाहनम् इति हस्ति कर्माणि ॥
Marching in the front; preparing the roads, camping grounds and path for bringing water; protecting the sides; firm standing, fording and entering into water while crossing pools of water and ascending from them; forced entrance into impregnable places; setting or quenching the fire; the subjugation of one of the four constituents of the army; gathering the dispersed army; breaking a compact army; protection against dangers; trampling down (the enemy's army); frightening and driving it; magnificence; seizing; abandoning; destruction of walls, gates and towers; and carrying the treasury--these constitute the work of elephants.
english translation
puro yAnam akRta mArga vAsa tIrtha karma bAhu utsAras toya taraNa avataraNe sthAna gamana avataraNaM viSama sambAdha pravezo agni dAna zamanam eka aGga vijayo bhinna saMdhAnam abhinna bhedanaM vyasane trANam abhighAto vibhISikA trAsanaM audAryaM grahaNaM mokSaNaM sAla dvAra aTTAlaka bhaJjanaM koza vAhana apavAhanam iti hasti karmANi ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptस्व बल रक्षा चतुर् अङ्ग बल प्रतिषेधः संग्रामे ग्रहणं मोक्षणं भिन्न संधानम् अभिन्न भेदनं त्रासनम् औदार्यं भीम घोषश् च इति रथ कर्माणि ॥
Protection of the army; repelling the attack made by all the four constituents of the enemy's army; seizing and abandoning (positions) during the time of battle; gathering a dispersed army; breaking the compact array of the enemy's army; frightening it; magnificence; and fearful noise--these constitute the work of chariots.
english translation
sva bala rakSA catur aGga bala pratiSedhaH saMgrAme grahaNaM mokSaNaM bhinna saMdhAnam abhinna bhedanaM trAsanam audAryaM bhIma ghoSaz ca iti ratha karmANi ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript