Arthashastra

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गम्य शैल निम्न विषमा मर्दनीय वृक्षा छेदनीय व्रतती पङ्क भङ्गुरा दरण हीना च हस्ति भूमिः ॥

That which is uneven with assailable hills and valleys, which has trees that can be pulled down and plants that can be torn, and which is full of muddy soil free from thorns is the ground for elephants.

english translation

gamya zaila nimna viSamA mardanIya vRkSA chedanIya vratatI paGka bhaGgurA daraNa hInA ca hasti bhUmiH ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

अकण्टकिन्य् अबहु विषमा प्रत्यासारवती इति पदातीनाम् अतिशयः ॥

That which is free from thorns, not very uneven, but very expansive, is an excellent ground for the infantry.

english translation

akaNTakiny abahu viSamA pratyAsAravatI iti padAtInAm atizayaH ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

द्वि गुण प्रत्यासारा कर्दम उदक खञ्जन हीना निह्शर्करा इति वाजिनाम् अतिशयः ॥

That which is doubly expansive, free from mud, water and roots of trees, and which is devoid of piercing gravel is an excellent ground for horses.

english translation

dvi guNa pratyAsArA kardama udaka khaJjana hInA nihzarkarA iti vAjinAm atizayaH ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

पांसु कर्दम उदक नल शर आधानवती श्व दण्ष्ट्र हीना महा वृक्ष शाखा घात वियुक्ता इति हस्तिनाम् अतिशयः ॥

That which possesses dust, muddy soil, water, grass and weeds, and which is free from thorns (known as dog's teeth) and obstructions from the branches of big trees is an excellent ground for elephants.

english translation

pAMsu kardama udaka nala zara AdhAnavatI zva daNSTra hInA mahA vRkSa zAkhA ghAta viyuktA iti hastinAm atizayaH ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript

तोय आशय अपाश्रयवती निरुत्खातिनी केदार हीना व्यावर्तन समर्था इति रथानाम् अतिशयः ॥

That which contains lakes, which is free from mounds and wet lands, and which affords space for turning is an excellent ground for chariots.

english translation

toya Azaya apAzrayavatI nirutkhAtinI kedAra hInA vyAvartana samarthA iti rathAnAm atizayaH ॥

hk transliteration by Sanscript