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Arthashastra

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कुष्ठ उन्मादयोश् चिकित्सकाः संनिकृष्टा पुमांसश् च प्रमाणं, क्लीब भावे स्त्रियो मूत्र फेनो अप्सु विष्ठा निमज्जनं च ॥

As to the reality of leprosy and lunacy, physicians or neighbours shall be authorities. As to the reality of impotency, women, the scum of urine, or the low specific gravity of faeces in water (the sinking of faeces in water) shall furnish the necessary evidence.

english translation

प्रकृत्य् उपवादे ब्राह्मण क्षत्रिय वैश्य शूद्र अन्त अवसायिनाम् अपरेण पूर्वस्य त्रि पण उत्तरा दण्डाः, पूर्वेण अपरस्य द्वि पण अधराः, कुब्राह्मण आदिभिश् च कुत्सायाम् ॥

(Speaking ill of habits.) If among Bráhmans, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Súdras, and outcastes (antávasáyins), any one of a lower caste abuses the habits of one of a higher caste, the fines imposed shall increase from 3 panas upwards (commencing from the lowest caste). If any one of a higher caste abuses one of a lower caste, fines imposed shall decrease from 2 panas.

english translation

तेन श्रुत उपवादो वाग् जीवनानां, कारु कुशीलवानां वृत्त्य् उपवादः, प्राज्जूणक गान्धार आदीनां च जन पद उपवादा व्याख्याताः ॥

Contemptuous expressions such as 'a bad Bráhman' shall also be punished as above. The same rules shall apply to calumnies regarding learning (sruta), the profession of buffoons (vágjívana), artisans, or musicians, and relating to nationalities such as Prájjunaka, Gándhára, etc.

english translation

यः परं "एवं त्वां करिष्यामि" इति करणेन अभिभर्त्सयेद्, अकरणे यस् तस्य करणे दण्डस् ततो अर्ध दण्डं दद्यात् ॥

(Intimidation.) If a person intimidates another by using such expressions as „I shall render thee thus‟, the bravado shall be punished with half as much fine as will be levied on him who actually does so.

english translation

अशक्तः कोपं मदं मोहं वा अपदिशेद् द्वादश पणं दण्डं दद्यात् ॥

If a person, being unable to carry his threat into effect, pleads provocation, intoxication, or loss of sense as his excuse, he shall be fined 12 panas.

english translation