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Arthashastra

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दृष्ट दोषः स्वयं वादः स्व पक्ष पर पक्षयोः । अनुयोग आर्जवं हेतुः शपथश् च अर्थ साधकः ॥

Self-assertion (svayamváda) on the part of either of the parties has often been found faulty. Examination (anuyoga), honesty (árjava), evidence (hetu) and asseveration by oath (sapatha)---these alone can enable a man to win his cause.

english translation

पूर्व उत्तर अर्थ व्याघाते साक्षि वक्तव्य कारणे । चार हस्ताच् च निष्पाते प्रदेष्टव्यः पराजयः ॥

Whenever by means of the deposition of witnesses, the statements of either of the parties are found contradictory, and whenever the cause of either of the parties is found through the king's spies to be false, then the decree shall be passed against that party.

english translation