Arthashastra
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यद् द्वि गुण वास्तुकानां वा रूपे सीस रूपं प्रक्षिप्य आभ्यन्तरम् अवच्छिन्दन्ति तद् अवच्छेदनम् ॥
When a lead piece (covered over with gold or silver leaf) is substituted for a real one and its interior is cut off, it is termed cutting (avachchhedanam).
english translation
yad dvi guNa vAstukAnAM vA rUpe sIsa rUpaM prakSipya Abhyantaram avacchindanti tad avacchedanam ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptयद् घनानां तीक्ष्णेन उल्लिखन्ति तद् उल्लेखनम् ॥
When compact pieces are scratched by tíkshna (copper sulphate ?), that act is termed scratching (ullekhana).
english translation
yad ghanAnAM tIkSNena ullikhanti tad ullekhanam ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptहरि ताल मनः शिला हिङ्गुलुक चूर्णानाम् अन्यतमेन कुरु विन्द चूर्णेन वा वस्त्रं सम्यूह्य यत् परिमृद्नन्ति तत् परिमर्दनम् ॥
When, by a piece of cloth painted with the powder of sulphuret of arsenic (haritála), red arsenic (manassila), or vermilion or with the powder of kuruvinda (black salt ?), gold or silver articles are rubbed, that act is termed rubbing.
english translation
hari tAla manaH zilA hiGguluka cUrNAnAm anyatamena kuru vinda cUrNena vA vastraM samyUhya yat parimRdnanti tat parimardanam ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptतेन सौवर्ण राजतानि भाण्डानि क्षीयन्ते, न च एषां किंचिद् अवरुग्णं भवति ॥
By these acts, gold and silver articles (bhándáni) undergo diminution; but no other kind of injury is done to them.
english translation
tena sauvarNa rAjatAni bhANDAni kSIyante, na ca eSAM kiMcid avarugNaM bhavati ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptभग्न खण्ड घृष्टानां सम्यूह्यानां सदृशेन अनुमानं कुर्यात् ॥
In all those pieces which are hammered, cut, scratched, or rubbed the loss can be inferred by comparing them with intact pieces of similar description.
english translation
bhagna khaNDa ghRSTAnAM samyUhyAnAM sadRzena anumAnaM kuryAt ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript