Surya Siddhanta
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स्फुटम् दृक्तुल्यताम् गच्छेद् अयने विषुवद्वये । प्राक् चक्रम् चलितम् हीने छायार्कात् करणागते ॥
According as the Sun's true place found by computation (as stated in the 2nd Chapter) is less or greater than that which is found by observation (i. e. the longitude of the Sun), the circle of asterisms is to the east or west (from its original place) as many degrees as these are in the difference (between the Sun's true place and the longitude).
english translation
sphuTam dRktulyatAm gacched ayane viSuvadvaye । prAk cakram calitam hIne chAyArkAt karaNAgate ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptअन्तराम्शैर् अथावृत्य पश्चाच् छेषैस् तथाधिके । एवम् विषुवती छाया स्वदेशे या दिनार्धजा ॥
At a given place, when the Sun comes to the equinoctial, the shadow (of the Gnomon of 12 digits) cast on the Meridian Line at noon is called the Palabhá or the equinoctial shadow (for that place).
english translation
antarAmzair athAvRtya pazcAc cheSais tathAdhike । evam viSuvatI chAyA svadeze yA dinArdhajA ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptदक्षिणोत्तररेखायाम् सा तत्र विषुवत्प्रभा । शङ्कुच्छायाहते त्रिज्ये विषुवत्कर्णभाजिते ॥
The Radius multiplied by the Gnomon (or 12) and the equinoctial shadow (separately) and divided by the equinoctial hypothenuse[1] gives the cosine and sine of the latitude (respectively). The arcs of these sines are the co-latitude and the latitude which are always south[2] (at the given place from whose zenith the equinoctial circle is inclined to the south).
english translation
dakSiNottararekhAyAm sA tatra viSuvatprabhA । zaGkucchAyAhate trijye viSuvatkarNabhAjite ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptलम्बाक्षज्ये तयोश् चापे लम्बाक्षौ दक्षिणौ सदा ॥ मध्यच्छाया भुजस् तेन गुणिता त्रिभमौर्विका ॥
The Bhuja of the shadow of the Gnomon at noon is the same as the shadow itself. Multiply the Radius by that Bhuja and divide the product by the hypothenuse of the said shadow; the quotient will be the sine of the zenith distance: . -
english translation
lambAkSajye tayoz cApe lambAkSau dakSiNau sadA ॥ madhyacchAyA bhujas tena guNitA tribhamaurvikA ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptस्वकर्णाप्ता धनुर्लिप्ता नतास् ता दक्षिणे भुजे। उत्तराश् चोत्तरे याम्यास् ताः सूर्यक्रान्तिलिप्तिकाः॥
- the zenith distance, found from that sine in minutes, is north or south according as the Bhuja is south or north respectively (at a given place). Find the sum of the zenith distance and the Sun's declination in minutes when they are both of the same name, but when they are of contrary names, find the difierence between them. This sum or difference is the latitude in minutes (at the given place).
english translation
svakarNAptA dhanurliptA natAs tA dakSiNe bhuje। uttarAz cottare yAmyAs tAH sUryakrAntiliptikAH॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript