Natyashastra

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/4/1

अथ रौद्रो नाम क्रोधस्थायिभावात्मको रक्षोदानवोद्धतमनुष्यप्रकृतिः संग्रामहेतुकः । स च क्रोधाधर्षणाधिक्षेपानृतवचनोपघातवाक्पा- रुष्याभिद्रोहमात्सर्यादिभिर्विभावैरुत्पद्यते । तस्य च ताडनपाटनपीडाच्छेदनप्रहरणाहरणशस्त्रसम्पातसम्प्रहाररुधिराकर्षणाद्यानि कर्माणि । पुनश्च रक्तनयनभ्रुकुटिकरणदन्तोष्ठपीडनगण्डस्फुरण- हस्ताग्रनिष्पेषादिरनुभावैरभिनयः प्रयोक्तव्यः । भावाश्चास्यासम्मोहोत्साहावेगामर्षचपलतौग्र्यगर्वस्वेदवेपथुरोमाञ्च- गद्गदादयः । अत्राह - यदभिहितं रक्षोदानवादीनां रौद्रो रसः । किमन्येषां नास्ति । उच्यते - अस्त्यन्येषामपि रौद्रो रसः । किन्त्वधिकारोऽत्र गृह्यते । ते हि स्वभावत एव रौद्रः । कस्मात् । बहुबाहवो बहुमुखाः प्रोद्धूतविकीर्णपिङ्गलशिरोजाः । रक्तोद्वृत्तविलोचना भीमासितरूपिणश्चैव । यच्च किञ्चित्समारम्भते स्वभावचेष्टितं वागङ्गादिकं तत्सर्वं रौद्रमेवैषाम् । श‍ृङ्गारश्च तैः प्रायशः प्रसभ्यं सेव्यते । तेषां चानुकारिणो ये पुरुषस्तेषामपि सङ्ग्रामसम्प्रहारकृतो रौद्रो रसोऽनुमन्तव्यः । अत्रानुवंश्ये आर्ये भवतः - युद्धप्रहारघातनविकृतच्छेदनविदारणैश्चैव । संङ्ग्रामसम्भ्रमाद्यैरेभिः सञ्जायते रौद्रः ॥ १॥

sanskrit

The Furious Sentiment (raudra) is based on the durable psychological state of anger. It is characteristic of beings like Rakṣasas, Dānavas, and arrogant humans, arising due to conflicts or battles. It originates from determinants such as anger, violence, insults, false accusations, exorcisms, threats, revenge, jealousy, and similar factors. Its actions involve beating, throwing, crushing, cutting, striking, stealing, and wielding weapons. On stage, this sentiment is represented by consequent actions such as red eyes, furrowed brows, clenched teeth, biting of the lips, twitching of the cheeks, pressing hands together, and so on. The accompanying emotional states are confusion, fervor, energy, rage, impatience, intensity, pride, perspiration, trembling, shuddering, and a hoarse voice. Here, it is stated: "The Furious Sentiment is said to arise from beings like Rakṣasas and Dānavas. Is there no Furious Sentiment in others?" The reply is: "Yes, there is a Furious Sentiment in others too, but it is a special feature of these beings. They are naturally furious, for they possess many arms, many faces, disheveled hair, and a dark, fearsome appearance. Whatever actions they take—be it speech, gestures, or any effort—are naturally violent. Even in their romantic pursuits, they are aggressive. It can be inferred that the Furious Sentiment arises in people who imitate their actions, especially through battles and conflicts." The verse on this sentiment is as follows: The Furious Sentiment arises from actions like striking, cutting, mutilating, and piercing in battles, as well as from the tumult of war.

english translation

atha raudro nAma krodhasthAyibhAvAtmako rakSodAnavoddhatamanuSyaprakRtiH saMgrAmahetukaH | sa ca krodhAdharSaNAdhikSepAnRtavacanopaghAtavAkpA- ruSyAbhidrohamAtsaryAdibhirvibhAvairutpadyate | tasya ca tADanapATanapIDAcchedanapraharaNAharaNazastrasampAtasamprahArarudhirAkarSaNAdyAni karmANi | punazca raktanayanabhrukuTikaraNadantoSThapIDanagaNDasphuraNa- hastAgraniSpeSAdiranubhAvairabhinayaH prayoktavyaH | bhAvAzcAsyAsammohotsAhAvegAmarSacapalataugryagarvasvedavepathuromAJca- gadgadAdayaH | atrAha - yadabhihitaM rakSodAnavAdInAM raudro rasaH | kimanyeSAM nAsti | ucyate - astyanyeSAmapi raudro rasaH | kintvadhikAro'tra gRhyate | te hi svabhAvata eva raudraH | kasmAt | bahubAhavo bahumukhAH proddhUtavikIrNapiGgalazirojAH | raktodvRttavilocanA bhImAsitarUpiNazcaiva | yacca kiJcitsamArambhate svabhAvaceSTitaM vAgaGgAdikaM tatsarvaM raudramevaiSAm | za‍RGgArazca taiH prAyazaH prasabhyaM sevyate | teSAM cAnukAriNo ye puruSasteSAmapi saGgrAmasamprahArakRto raudro raso'numantavyaH | atrAnuvaMzye Arye bhavataH - yuddhaprahAraghAtanavikRtacchedanavidAraNaizcaiva | saMGgrAmasambhramAdyairebhiH saJjAyate raudraH || 1||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/4/2

नानाप्रहरणमोक्षैः शिरःकबन्धभुजकर्तनैश्चैव । एभिश्चार्थविशेषैरस्याभिनयः प्रयोक्तव्यः ॥ २॥

sanskrit

The Furious Sentiment is to be expressed through actions such as using various weapons, cutting off the head, shoulders, and arms, and similar acts. These specific actions are to be represented in the performance.

english translation

nAnApraharaNamokSaiH ziraHkabandhabhujakartanaizcaiva | ebhizcArthavizeSairasyAbhinayaH prayoktavyaH || 2||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/4/3

इति रौद्ररसो दृष्टो रौद्रवागङ्गचेष्टितः । शस्त्रप्रहारभूयिष्ठ उग्रकर्मक्रियात्मकः ॥ ३॥

sanskrit

Thus, the Furious Sentiment is understood to be expressed through furious speech, bodily movements, and the use of weapons. It is characterized by fierce actions and intense deeds.

english translation

iti raudraraso dRSTo raudravAgaGgaceSTitaH | zastraprahArabhUyiSTha ugrakarmakriyAtmakaH || 3||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/4/1

अथ रौद्रो नाम क्रोधस्थायिभावात्मको रक्षोदानवोद्धतमनुष्यप्रकृतिः संग्रामहेतुकः । स च क्रोधाधर्षणाधिक्षेपानृतवचनोपघातवाक्पा- रुष्याभिद्रोहमात्सर्यादिभिर्विभावैरुत्पद्यते । तस्य च ताडनपाटनपीडाच्छेदनप्रहरणाहरणशस्त्रसम्पातसम्प्रहाररुधिराकर्षणाद्यानि कर्माणि । पुनश्च रक्तनयनभ्रुकुटिकरणदन्तोष्ठपीडनगण्डस्फुरण- हस्ताग्रनिष्पेषादिरनुभावैरभिनयः प्रयोक्तव्यः । भावाश्चास्यासम्मोहोत्साहावेगामर्षचपलतौग्र्यगर्वस्वेदवेपथुरोमाञ्च- गद्गदादयः । अत्राह - यदभिहितं रक्षोदानवादीनां रौद्रो रसः । किमन्येषां नास्ति । उच्यते - अस्त्यन्येषामपि रौद्रो रसः । किन्त्वधिकारोऽत्र गृह्यते । ते हि स्वभावत एव रौद्रः । कस्मात् । बहुबाहवो बहुमुखाः प्रोद्धूतविकीर्णपिङ्गलशिरोजाः । रक्तोद्वृत्तविलोचना भीमासितरूपिणश्चैव । यच्च किञ्चित्समारम्भते स्वभावचेष्टितं वागङ्गादिकं तत्सर्वं रौद्रमेवैषाम् । श‍ृङ्गारश्च तैः प्रायशः प्रसभ्यं सेव्यते । तेषां चानुकारिणो ये पुरुषस्तेषामपि सङ्ग्रामसम्प्रहारकृतो रौद्रो रसोऽनुमन्तव्यः । अत्रानुवंश्ये आर्ये भवतः - युद्धप्रहारघातनविकृतच्छेदनविदारणैश्चैव । संङ्ग्रामसम्भ्रमाद्यैरेभिः सञ्जायते रौद्रः ॥ १॥

sanskrit

The Furious Sentiment (raudra) is based on the durable psychological state of anger. It is characteristic of beings like Rakṣasas, Dānavas, and arrogant humans, arising due to conflicts or battles. It originates from determinants such as anger, violence, insults, false accusations, exorcisms, threats, revenge, jealousy, and similar factors. Its actions involve beating, throwing, crushing, cutting, striking, stealing, and wielding weapons. On stage, this sentiment is represented by consequent actions such as red eyes, furrowed brows, clenched teeth, biting of the lips, twitching of the cheeks, pressing hands together, and so on. The accompanying emotional states are confusion, fervor, energy, rage, impatience, intensity, pride, perspiration, trembling, shuddering, and a hoarse voice. Here, it is stated: "The Furious Sentiment is said to arise from beings like Rakṣasas and Dānavas. Is there no Furious Sentiment in others?" The reply is: "Yes, there is a Furious Sentiment in others too, but it is a special feature of these beings. They are naturally furious, for they possess many arms, many faces, disheveled hair, and a dark, fearsome appearance. Whatever actions they take—be it speech, gestures, or any effort—are naturally violent. Even in their romantic pursuits, they are aggressive. It can be inferred that the Furious Sentiment arises in people who imitate their actions, especially through battles and conflicts." The verse on this sentiment is as follows: The Furious Sentiment arises from actions like striking, cutting, mutilating, and piercing in battles, as well as from the tumult of war.

english translation

atha raudro nAma krodhasthAyibhAvAtmako rakSodAnavoddhatamanuSyaprakRtiH saMgrAmahetukaH | sa ca krodhAdharSaNAdhikSepAnRtavacanopaghAtavAkpA- ruSyAbhidrohamAtsaryAdibhirvibhAvairutpadyate | tasya ca tADanapATanapIDAcchedanapraharaNAharaNazastrasampAtasamprahArarudhirAkarSaNAdyAni karmANi | punazca raktanayanabhrukuTikaraNadantoSThapIDanagaNDasphuraNa- hastAgraniSpeSAdiranubhAvairabhinayaH prayoktavyaH | bhAvAzcAsyAsammohotsAhAvegAmarSacapalataugryagarvasvedavepathuromAJca- gadgadAdayaH | atrAha - yadabhihitaM rakSodAnavAdInAM raudro rasaH | kimanyeSAM nAsti | ucyate - astyanyeSAmapi raudro rasaH | kintvadhikAro'tra gRhyate | te hi svabhAvata eva raudraH | kasmAt | bahubAhavo bahumukhAH proddhUtavikIrNapiGgalazirojAH | raktodvRttavilocanA bhImAsitarUpiNazcaiva | yacca kiJcitsamArambhate svabhAvaceSTitaM vAgaGgAdikaM tatsarvaM raudramevaiSAm | za‍RGgArazca taiH prAyazaH prasabhyaM sevyate | teSAM cAnukAriNo ye puruSasteSAmapi saGgrAmasamprahArakRto raudro raso'numantavyaH | atrAnuvaMzye Arye bhavataH - yuddhaprahAraghAtanavikRtacchedanavidAraNaizcaiva | saMGgrAmasambhramAdyairebhiH saJjAyate raudraH || 1||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/4/2

नानाप्रहरणमोक्षैः शिरःकबन्धभुजकर्तनैश्चैव । एभिश्चार्थविशेषैरस्याभिनयः प्रयोक्तव्यः ॥ २॥

sanskrit

The Furious Sentiment is to be expressed through actions such as using various weapons, cutting off the head, shoulders, and arms, and similar acts. These specific actions are to be represented in the performance.

english translation

nAnApraharaNamokSaiH ziraHkabandhabhujakartanaizcaiva | ebhizcArthavizeSairasyAbhinayaH prayoktavyaH || 2||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/natyashastra/6/4/3

इति रौद्ररसो दृष्टो रौद्रवागङ्गचेष्टितः । शस्त्रप्रहारभूयिष्ठ उग्रकर्मक्रियात्मकः ॥ ३॥

sanskrit

Thus, the Furious Sentiment is understood to be expressed through furious speech, bodily movements, and the use of weapons. It is characterized by fierce actions and intense deeds.

english translation

iti raudraraso dRSTo raudravAgaGgaceSTitaH | zastraprahArabhUyiSTha ugrakarmakriyAtmakaH || 3||

hk transliteration