Charak Samhita

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/vimana-sthana/1/22

तत्र प्रकृतिरुच्यते स्वभावो यः, स पुनराहारौषधद्रव्याणां स्वाभाविको गुर्वादिगुणयोगः; तद्यथा माषमुद्गयोः, शूकरैणयोश्च (१) करणं पुनः स्वाभाविकानां द्रव्याणामभिसंस्कारः| संस्कारो हि गुणान्तराधानमुच्यते| ते गुणास्तोयाग्निसन्निकर्षशौचमन्थनदेशकालवासनभावनादिभिः [१] कालप्रकर्षभाजनादिभिश्चाधीयन्ते (२) संयोगः पुनर्द्वयोर्बहूनां वा द्रव्याणां संहतीभावः, स विशेषमारभते, यं पुनर्नैकैकशो द्रव्याण्यारभन्ते; तद्यथा- मधुसर्पिषोः, मधुमत्स्यपयसां च संयोगः (३) राशिस्तु सर्वग्रहपरिग्रहौ मात्रामात्रफलविनिश्चयार्थः| तत्र सर्वस्याहारस्य प्रमाणग्रहणमेकपिण्डेन सर्वग्रहः, परिग्रहः पुनः प्रमाणग्रहणमेकैकश्येनाहारद्रव्याणाम्| सर्वस्य हि ग्रहः सर्वग्रहः, सर्वतश्च ग्रहः परिग्रह उच्यते (४) देशः पुनः स्थानं; स द्रव्याणामुत्पत्तिप्रचारौ देशसात्म्यं चाचष्टे (५) कालो हि नित्यगश्चावस्थिकश्च; तत्रावस्थिको विकारमपेक्षते, नित्यगस्तु ऋतुसात्म्यापेक्षः (६) उपयोगसंस्था तूपयोगनियमः; स जीर्णलक्षणापेक्षः (७) उपयोक्ता पुनर्यस्तमाहारमुपयुङ्क्ते, यदायत्तमोकसात्म्यम्| इत्यष्टावाहारविधिविशेषायतनानि व्याख्यातानि भवन्ति ||२२||

sanskrit

Prakriti is swabhava, or the natural attribute or trait of a substance, such as heaviness, etc. For example, the prakriti of black gram or pork is heavy, while that of green gram or deer meat is light. [22.1] Karana (processing) is the making or refinement of the dravya, or the samskara that are added to the properties of those substances. These properties are imparted by contact of water and fire, by cleansing, churning, place, time, infusing, steeping, etc. and also by the medium used for storage or processing (e.g., copper vessel, or earthen pot), etc. [22.2] Samyoga (combination) is the aggregation or combination of two or more dravya. This exhibits peculiarities that are not seen in case of individual substances, such as combination of honey and ghee, and that of honey, fish and milk. [22.3] Rashi (quantity) consists of sarvagraha (account of a whole amount or unit) and parigraha (account of part of a substance, or of individual parts (in case the substance is a combination of multiple ingredients or parts)) which ascertain the effect of any food article taken in proper or improper quantity. [22.4] Desha denotes the geographic region relating that the substance(s) are local or endemic to, and thus, are suitable to. [22.5] Kala is time. It can be taken to be the ever moving time, as in seasons (e.g., suitable to seasons), or as duration from the standpoint of a condition (e.g., a condition that does not get treated within a specific duration becomes incurable). [22.6] Upayogasamastha denotes the rules for dieting. This depends on the digestible features (of the food). [22.7] Upayokta is the one who consumes the food. On him depends the oka-satmya (i.e.,habituation developed by practice). Thus, are described the specific factors of the method of dieting.

english translation

tatra prakRtirucyate svabhAvo yaH, sa punarAhArauSadhadravyANAM svAbhAviko gurvAdiguNayogaH; tadyathA mASamudgayoH, zUkaraiNayozca (1) karaNaM punaH svAbhAvikAnAM dravyANAmabhisaMskAraH| saMskAro hi guNAntarAdhAnamucyate| te guNAstoyAgnisannikarSazaucamanthanadezakAlavAsanabhAvanAdibhiH [1] kAlaprakarSabhAjanAdibhizcAdhIyante (2) saMyogaH punardvayorbahUnAM vA dravyANAM saMhatIbhAvaH, sa vizeSamArabhate, yaM punarnaikaikazo dravyANyArabhante; tadyathA- madhusarpiSoH, madhumatsyapayasAM ca saMyogaH (3) rAzistu sarvagrahaparigrahau mAtrAmAtraphalavinizcayArthaH| tatra sarvasyAhArasya pramANagrahaNamekapiNDena sarvagrahaH, parigrahaH punaH pramANagrahaNamekaikazyenAhAradravyANAm| sarvasya hi grahaH sarvagrahaH, sarvatazca grahaH parigraha ucyate (4) dezaH punaH sthAnaM; sa dravyANAmutpattipracArau dezasAtmyaM cAcaSTe (5) kAlo hi nityagazcAvasthikazca; tatrAvasthiko vikAramapekSate, nityagastu RtusAtmyApekSaH (6) upayogasaMsthA tUpayoganiyamaH; sa jIrNalakSaNApekSaH (7) upayoktA punaryastamAhAramupayuGkte, yadAyattamokasAtmyam| ityaSTAvAhAravidhivizeSAyatanAni vyAkhyAtAni bhavanti ||22||

hk transliteration

siva.sh/caraka-samhita/vimana-sthana/1/22

तत्र प्रकृतिरुच्यते स्वभावो यः, स पुनराहारौषधद्रव्याणां स्वाभाविको गुर्वादिगुणयोगः; तद्यथा माषमुद्गयोः, शूकरैणयोश्च (१) करणं पुनः स्वाभाविकानां द्रव्याणामभिसंस्कारः| संस्कारो हि गुणान्तराधानमुच्यते| ते गुणास्तोयाग्निसन्निकर्षशौचमन्थनदेशकालवासनभावनादिभिः [१] कालप्रकर्षभाजनादिभिश्चाधीयन्ते (२) संयोगः पुनर्द्वयोर्बहूनां वा द्रव्याणां संहतीभावः, स विशेषमारभते, यं पुनर्नैकैकशो द्रव्याण्यारभन्ते; तद्यथा- मधुसर्पिषोः, मधुमत्स्यपयसां च संयोगः (३) राशिस्तु सर्वग्रहपरिग्रहौ मात्रामात्रफलविनिश्चयार्थः| तत्र सर्वस्याहारस्य प्रमाणग्रहणमेकपिण्डेन सर्वग्रहः, परिग्रहः पुनः प्रमाणग्रहणमेकैकश्येनाहारद्रव्याणाम्| सर्वस्य हि ग्रहः सर्वग्रहः, सर्वतश्च ग्रहः परिग्रह उच्यते (४) देशः पुनः स्थानं; स द्रव्याणामुत्पत्तिप्रचारौ देशसात्म्यं चाचष्टे (५) कालो हि नित्यगश्चावस्थिकश्च; तत्रावस्थिको विकारमपेक्षते, नित्यगस्तु ऋतुसात्म्यापेक्षः (६) उपयोगसंस्था तूपयोगनियमः; स जीर्णलक्षणापेक्षः (७) उपयोक्ता पुनर्यस्तमाहारमुपयुङ्क्ते, यदायत्तमोकसात्म्यम्| इत्यष्टावाहारविधिविशेषायतनानि व्याख्यातानि भवन्ति ||२२||

sanskrit

Prakriti is swabhava, or the natural attribute or trait of a substance, such as heaviness, etc. For example, the prakriti of black gram or pork is heavy, while that of green gram or deer meat is light. [22.1] Karana (processing) is the making or refinement of the dravya, or the samskara that are added to the properties of those substances. These properties are imparted by contact of water and fire, by cleansing, churning, place, time, infusing, steeping, etc. and also by the medium used for storage or processing (e.g., copper vessel, or earthen pot), etc. [22.2] Samyoga (combination) is the aggregation or combination of two or more dravya. This exhibits peculiarities that are not seen in case of individual substances, such as combination of honey and ghee, and that of honey, fish and milk. [22.3] Rashi (quantity) consists of sarvagraha (account of a whole amount or unit) and parigraha (account of part of a substance, or of individual parts (in case the substance is a combination of multiple ingredients or parts)) which ascertain the effect of any food article taken in proper or improper quantity. [22.4] Desha denotes the geographic region relating that the substance(s) are local or endemic to, and thus, are suitable to. [22.5] Kala is time. It can be taken to be the ever moving time, as in seasons (e.g., suitable to seasons), or as duration from the standpoint of a condition (e.g., a condition that does not get treated within a specific duration becomes incurable). [22.6] Upayogasamastha denotes the rules for dieting. This depends on the digestible features (of the food). [22.7] Upayokta is the one who consumes the food. On him depends the oka-satmya (i.e.,habituation developed by practice). Thus, are described the specific factors of the method of dieting.

english translation

tatra prakRtirucyate svabhAvo yaH, sa punarAhArauSadhadravyANAM svAbhAviko gurvAdiguNayogaH; tadyathA mASamudgayoH, zUkaraiNayozca (1) karaNaM punaH svAbhAvikAnAM dravyANAmabhisaMskAraH| saMskAro hi guNAntarAdhAnamucyate| te guNAstoyAgnisannikarSazaucamanthanadezakAlavAsanabhAvanAdibhiH [1] kAlaprakarSabhAjanAdibhizcAdhIyante (2) saMyogaH punardvayorbahUnAM vA dravyANAM saMhatIbhAvaH, sa vizeSamArabhate, yaM punarnaikaikazo dravyANyArabhante; tadyathA- madhusarpiSoH, madhumatsyapayasAM ca saMyogaH (3) rAzistu sarvagrahaparigrahau mAtrAmAtraphalavinizcayArthaH| tatra sarvasyAhArasya pramANagrahaNamekapiNDena sarvagrahaH, parigrahaH punaH pramANagrahaNamekaikazyenAhAradravyANAm| sarvasya hi grahaH sarvagrahaH, sarvatazca grahaH parigraha ucyate (4) dezaH punaH sthAnaM; sa dravyANAmutpattipracArau dezasAtmyaM cAcaSTe (5) kAlo hi nityagazcAvasthikazca; tatrAvasthiko vikAramapekSate, nityagastu RtusAtmyApekSaH (6) upayogasaMsthA tUpayoganiyamaH; sa jIrNalakSaNApekSaH (7) upayoktA punaryastamAhAramupayuGkte, yadAyattamokasAtmyam| ityaSTAvAhAravidhivizeSAyatanAni vyAkhyAtAni bhavanti ||22||

hk transliteration