Charak Samhita

Progress:78.2%

अथातोऽतीसारचिकित्सितं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||

sanskrit

Now we shall expound the chapter "Atisara chikitsa" (Management of diarrhea and associated disorders).

english translation

athAto'tIsAracikitsitaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1||

hk transliteration

इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||

sanskrit

Thus said Lord Atreya.

english translation

iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||

hk transliteration

भगवन्तंखल्वात्रेयंकृताह्निकंहुताग्निहोत्रमासीनमृषिगणपरिवृतमुत्तरेहिमवतःपार्श्वेविनयादुपेत्याभिवाद्यचाग्निवेशउवाच- भगवन्! अतीसारस्यप्रागुत्पत्तिनिमित्तलक्षणोपशमनानिप्रजानुग्रहार्थमाख्यातुमर्हसीति ||३||

sanskrit

[Query by Agnivesha] On one occasion, when Lord Atreya was sitting on the northern slope of the Himalayas surrounded by the sages after completing his daily worship and oblations to the fire, Agnivesha approached him, offered his humble salutations to him, and requested him to expound the origin, etiology, signs and symptoms, and treatment of atisara (diarrhea) for the well-being of humanity

english translation

bhagavantaMkhalvAtreyaMkRtAhnikaMhutAgnihotramAsInamRSigaNaparivRtamuttarehimavataHpArzvevinayAdupetyAbhivAdyacAgnivezauvAca- bhagavan! atIsArasyaprAgutpattinimittalakSaNopazamanAniprajAnugrahArthamAkhyAtumarhasIti ||3||

hk transliteration

अथभगवान्पुनर्वसुरात्रेयस्तदग्निवेशवचनमनुनिशम्योवाच- श्रूयतामग्निवेश! सर्वमेतदखिलेनव्याख्यायमानम् | आदिकालेखलुयज्ञेषुपशवःसमालभनीयाबभूवुर्नालम्भायप्रक्रियन्तेस्म | ततोदक्षयज्ञंप्रत्यवरकालंमनोःपुत्राणांनरिष्यन्नाभागेक्ष्वाकुनृगशर्यात्यादीनांक्रतुषुपशूनामेवाभ्यनुज्ञानात्पशवःप्रोक्षणमवापुः | अतश्चप्रत्यवरकालंपृषध्रेणदीर्घसत्रेणयजतापशूनामलाभाद्गवामालम्भःप्रवर्तितः | तंदृष्ट्वाप्रव्यथिताभूतगणाः, तेषांचोपयोगादुपाकृतानांगवांगौरवादौष्ण्यादसात्म्यत्वादशस्तोपयोगाच्चोपहताग्नीनामुपहतमनसां[१]चातीसारःपूर्वमुत्पन्नःपृषध्रयज्ञे ||४||

sanskrit

[Historical origins of atisara] After consideration of the above submission of Agnivesha, Lord Punarvasu said, “O Agnivesha, listen to me. I shall give a detailed response to your question. In the Vedic age/ancient times, sacrificial animals used to get released in the wild soon after the recitation of the sacrificial mantras, and these animals were not killed during the course of the sacrifice (yajna). However, in the subsequent periods following the reign of Daksha Prajapati, the sons of Manu named Narishyana, Nabhag, Ikshvaku, Nriga, and Sharyati, sacrifice of these animals became a part of the yajna (sacrificial ritual) at their instinctive acquiescence. After that, during the sacrifice over a long course of time performed by Prushadra (name of a king), as goats were not obtainable, even the sacred cows were also offered up for sacrifice. This deviation bewildered (or disturbed) all of humanity leading to grief. When the flesh of these sanctified cows were eaten, by the heavy, hot and incompatible to human nature properties of their flesh, as well as the use of what was not prescribed by the scriptures, the people started suffering from the loss of their ability to digest and losing their mental equilibrium, resulting in atisara (diarrhea). Thus, diarrhea originated from the yajna performed by Prushadhra

english translation

athabhagavAnpunarvasurAtreyastadagnivezavacanamanunizamyovAca- zrUyatAmagniveza! sarvametadakhilenavyAkhyAyamAnam | AdikAlekhaluyajJeSupazavaHsamAlabhanIyAbabhUvurnAlambhAyaprakriyantesma | tatodakSayajJaMpratyavarakAlaMmanoHputrANAMnariSyannAbhAgekSvAkunRgazaryAtyAdInAMkratuSupazUnAmevAbhyanujJAnAtpazavaHprokSaNamavApuH | atazcapratyavarakAlaMpRSadhreNadIrghasatreNayajatApazUnAmalAbhAdgavAmAlambhaHpravartitaH | taMdRSTvApravyathitAbhUtagaNAH, teSAMcopayogAdupAkRtAnAMgavAMgauravAdauSNyAdasAtmyatvAdazastopayogAccopahatAgnInAmupahatamanasAM[1]cAtIsAraHpUrvamutpannaHpRSadhrayajJe ||4||

hk transliteration

अथावरकालंवातलस्यवातातपव्यायामात्रनिषेविणोरूक्षाल्पप्रमिताशिनस्तीक्ष्णमद्यव्यवायनित्यस्योदावर्तयतश्चवेगान्वायुःप्रकोपमापद्यते, पक्ताचोपहन्यते; सवायुःकुपितोऽग्नावुपहतेमूत्रस्वेदौपुरीषाशयमुपहृत्य, ताभ्यांपुरीषंद्रवीकृत्य, अतीसारायप्रकल्पते | तस्यरूपाणि- विज्जलमामंविप्लुतमवसादिरूक्षंद्रवंसशूलमामगन्धमीषच्छब्दमशब्दंवाविबद्धमूत्रवातमतिसार्यतेपुरीषं, वायुश्चान्तःकोष्ठेसशब्दशूलस्तिर्यक्चरतिविबद्धइत्यामातिसारोवातात् | पक्वंवाविबद्धमल्पाल्पंसशब्दंसशूलफेनपिच्छापरिकर्तिकंहृष्टरोमाविनिःश्वसञ्शुष्कमुखःकट्यूरुत्रिकजानुपृष्ठपार्श्वशूलीभ्रष्टगुदोमुहुर्मुहुर्विग्रथितमुपवेश्यतेपुरीषंवातात्; तमाहुरनुग्रथितमित्येके, वातानुग्रथितवर्चस्त्वात् ||५||

sanskrit

[Vataja atisara] 1. Vata dominant atisara occurs if a person with vata dominant constitution indulges in following: Exposure to strong wind, excess sunlight, and physical exercise; 2. Indulgence in dry and rough or less quantities of food (pramitashana) or irregular meals or strong alcoholic drinks or excessive sexual intercourse; and 3. Suppression of natural urges. The above factors aggravate vata, afflicting the power of digestion (or, reducing the agni). With the depletion of agni, the aggravated vata forces urine and sweat to the colon (purishashaya), liquefying the stool and manifesting vataja atisara. Vataja amaja atisara (early stages of vataja atisara): The early signs and symptoms of vataja amaja atisara are as follows: 1. The stool is slimy and has mucus (ama); 2. The stool floats on water; 3. The stool, when placed over the earth, gets soaked; 4. The stool is rough (i.e., not oily) and liquid; 5. Evacuation of stool is accompanied with colic pain; 6. The stool smells like undigested food; 7. Evacuation of stool is associated with little or no sound; 8. Evacuation of the stool is not accompanied with flatus and urine; and 9. The aggravated vata (flatus) moves in the koshtha (gastrointestinal tract) obliquely along with gurgling sound, causing colic pain. The above mentioned signs and symptoms pertain to the ama stage (primary or immature stage) of the vataja atisara. Vataja niramaja atisara (advanced stage of vataja atisara): In the pakva stage (advanced or mature stage) of vataja atisara, the signs and symptoms manifested are as follows: 1. The patient evacuates hard stool in small quantities; 2. The evacuation of stool is associated with sound and colic pain; 3. The stool is frothy and slimy; 4. The patient suffers from griping pain, horripilation, groaning, dryness of the mouth, pain in the lumbar region, thighs, sacral region, knees, back and sides of the chest, and prolapse of the rectum; and 5. Evacuates scybalous stool frequently. According to some physicians, this type of diarrhea is also called anugrathita-atisara because of evacuation the scybalous stool.

english translation

athAvarakAlaMvAtalasyavAtAtapavyAyAmAtraniSeviNorUkSAlpapramitAzinastIkSNamadyavyavAyanityasyodAvartayatazcavegAnvAyuHprakopamApadyate, paktAcopahanyate; savAyuHkupito'gnAvupahatemUtrasvedaupurISAzayamupahRtya, tAbhyAMpurISaMdravIkRtya, atIsArAyaprakalpate | tasyarUpANi- vijjalamAmaMviplutamavasAdirUkSaMdravaMsazUlamAmagandhamISacchabdamazabdaMvAvibaddhamUtravAtamatisAryatepurISaM, vAyuzcAntaHkoSThesazabdazUlastiryakcarativibaddhaityAmAtisArovAtAt | pakvaMvAvibaddhamalpAlpaMsazabdaMsazUlaphenapicchAparikartikaMhRSTaromAviniHzvasaJzuSkamukhaHkaTyUrutrikajAnupRSThapArzvazUlIbhraSTagudomuhurmuhurvigrathitamupavezyatepurISaMvAtAt; tamAhuranugrathitamityeke, vAtAnugrathitavarcastvAt ||5||

hk transliteration