Astanga Hrudaya
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द्रव्यमूर्ध्वगमं तत्र प्रायोऽग्निपवनोत्कटम्। अधोगामि च भूयिष्ठं भूमितोयगुणाधिकम्॥११॥
Properties of Dravyas- Fire (Agni) and Pavana (air) predominant substances generally have the property of moving upwards. Bhumi (earth) and Toya (water) dominant substances generally have the property of moving downwards
english translation
इति द्रव्यम् रसान् भेदैरुत्तरत्रोपदेक्ष्यते। वीर्यं पुनर्वदन्त्येके गुरु स्निग्धं हिमं मृदु॥१२॥
Veerya (potency) :- Guru (Heaviness) and Laghu (light to digest) Snigdha (unctuous, oily) and Rooksha (dryness) Hima (cold) and Ushna (hot) Mrdu (soft) and Teekshna (piercing, strong)
english translation
लघु रूक्षोष्णतीक्ष्णं च तदेवं मतमष्टधा। चरकस्त्वाह वीर्यं तत् क्रियते येन या क्रिया॥१३॥
Master Charaka says that Virya is that property, through which drug action is made possible. No drug action is possible without Veerya and all actions are possible only by the Virya 13. Some authors opine that there are 8 types of Veerya (potency of an herb/medicinal substance).
english translation
नावीर्यं कुरुते किञ्चित्सर्वा वीर्यकृता हि सा। गुर्वादिष्वेव वीर्याख्या तेनान्वर्थेति वर्ण्यते॥१४॥
Those who designated Guru (Heaviness) etc. eight qualities as Veerya, do so by direct implication. Out of 20 qualities, these 8 qualities are predominantly seen in any substance, these 8 qualities are stronger than the rest qualities,
english translation
समग्रगुणसारेषु शक्त्युत्कर्षविवर्तिषु। व्यवहाराय मुख्यत्वाद्बह्वग्रग्रहणादपि॥१५॥
are important in day - to - day routine, applicable to majority of substances being considered first in scientific procedures. Hence, these 8 have been given importance.
english translation