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Arthashastra

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पत्ति बाहुल्यं प्रत्यापावः ॥

Falling into abundance.

english translation

एक अङ्ग बाहुल्यम् अन्वावापः ॥

An excess of any one component [of the army] is deemed a surplus.

english translation

दूष्य बाहुल्यम् अत्यावापः ॥

An abundance of traitors is far from surplus.

english translation

पर आवापात् प्रत्यावापाच् च चतुर् गुणाद् आ अष्ट गुणाद् इति वा विभवतः सैन्यानाम् आवापः ॥

one should increase one's army from four to eight times the excess of the enemy's army or the deficiency in the enemy's infantry.

english translation

रथ व्यूहेन हस्ति व्यूहो व्याख्यातः ॥

The array of elephants is explained by the array of chariots.

english translation