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Arthashastra

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अनुदके चक्रि चतुष्पदं च अध्व प्रमाणेन शक्त्या उदकं वाहयेत् ॥

In a waterless region, one should transport water by means of carts and four-footed pack animals, according to the distance of the route and one's capacity.

english translation

दीर्घ कान्तारम् अनुदकं यवस इन्धन उदक हीनं वा कृच्छ्र अध्वानम् अभियोग प्रस्कन्नं क्षुत् पिपासा अध्व क्लान्तं पङ्क तोय गम्भीराणां वा नदी दरी शैलानाम् उद्यान अपयाने व्यासक्तम् एक अयन मार्गे शैल विषमे संकटे वा बहुली भूतं निवेशे प्रस्थिते विसम्नाहं भोजन व्यासक्तम् आयत गत परिश्रान्तम् अवसुप्तं व्याधि मरक दुर्भिक्ष पीडितं व्याधित पत्त्य् अश्व द्विपम् अभूमिष्ठं वा बल व्यसनेषु वा स्व सैन्यं रक्षेत्, पर सैन्यं च अभिहन्यात् ॥

One should protect one's own army and strike the enemy's forces when they are in the following vulnerable states: when traversing a long wilderness (dīrgha-kāntāra) devoid of water , fodder, fuel, and resources; when exhausted by a difficult journey (kṛcchra-adhvan) or an arduous military expedition; when weary from hunger, thirst, and the road; when bogged down in mud (paṅka) or deep waters (toya-gambhīra); when navigating rivers, caves, or rocky mountains; when preoccupied with entering or retreating from a garden or park; when crowded upon a single-access path (eka-ayana- mārga), on uneven rocky terrain, or in a narrow pass; when the troops have removed their armor while settling into camp or preparing to depart; when distracted by taking meals; when fatigued from a long march; when asleep; when afflicted by disease, pestilence, or famine; or when the infantry, cavalry, and elephants are incapacitated by illness, on unfavorable ground, or suffering from calamities within the ranks.

english translation

एक अयन मार्ग प्रयातस्य सेना निश्चार ग्रास आहार शय्या प्रस्तार अग्नि निधान ध्वज आयुध संख्यानेन पर बल ज्ञानम् ॥

When the enemy's army is marching through a path traversable by a single man, the commander (of the invader's army) should ascertain its strength by estimating the quantity of food-stuffs, grass, bedding, and other requisites, fire pots (agninidhána), flags and weapons.

english translation

तदा आत्मानो गूहयेत् ॥

He should also conceal those of his own army.

english translation

पार्वतं वन दुर्गं वा सापसार प्रतिग्रहम् । स्व भुमौ पृष्ठतः कृत्वा युध्येत निविशेत च ॥

Keeping a mountainous or river fortress with all its resources at his back in his own country he should fight or put up his camp.

english translation