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Arthashastra

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siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/20/61

शिशिर आद्य् उत्तर अयणम् ॥

Seasons from sisira and upwards are the summer-solstice (uttaráyana),

english translation

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/20/62

वर्ष आदि दक्षिण अयनम् ॥

and (those) from varshá and upwards are the winter solstice (dakshináyana).

english translation

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/20/63

द्व्य् अयनः संवत्सरः ॥

Two solstices (ayanas) make one year (samvatsara).

english translation

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/20/64

पञ्च संवत्सरो युगम् । इति ॥

Five years make one yuga.

english translation

siva.sh/arthashastra/adhyaksa-pracara/20/65

दिवसस्य हरत्य् अर्कः षष्टि भागम् ऋतौ ततः । करोत्य् एकम् अहश् छेदं तथा एव एकं च चन्द्रमाः ॥

The sun carries off (harati) 1/60th of a whole day every day and thus makes one complete day in every two months (ritau). Likewise the moon (falls behind by 1/60th of a whole day every day and falls behind one day in every two months).

english translation

Chapter 20

Verses 66-70