Arthashastra
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नालिकाभिर् अहर् अष्टधा रात्रिं च विभजेत्, छाया प्रमाणेन वा ॥
He shall divide both the day and the night into eight nálikas (1½ hours), or according to the length of the shadow (cast by a gnomon standing in the sun).
english translation
nAlikAbhir ahar aSTadhA rAtriM ca vibhajet, chAyA pramANena vA ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptत्रिपौरुषी पौरुषी चतुर् अङ्गुला नष्टच् छायो मध्य अह्न इति चत्वारः पूर्वे दिवसस्य अष्ट भागाः ॥
The shadow of three purushás (36 angulás or inches), of one purushá (12 inches), of four angulás (4 inches), and absence of shadow denoting midday are the four one-eighth divisions of the forenoon.
english translation
tripauruSI pauruSI catur aGgulA naSTac chAyo madhya ahna iti catvAraH pUrve divasasya aSTa bhAgAH ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptतैः पश्चिमा व्याख्याताः ॥
like divisions (in the reverse order) in the afternoon.
english translation
taiH pazcimA vyAkhyAtAH ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptतत्र पूर्वे दिवसस्य अष्ट भागे रक्षा विधानम् आय व्ययौ च शृणुयात् ॥
Of these divisions, during the first one-eighth part of the day, he shall post watchmen and attend to the accounts of receipts and expenditure.
english translation
tatra pUrve divasasya aSTa bhAge rakSA vidhAnam Aya vyayau ca zRNuyAt ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscriptद्वितीये पौर जानपदानां कार्याणि पश्येत् ॥
during the second part, he shall look to the affairs of both citizens and country people.
english translation
dvitIye paura jAnapadAnAM kAryANi pazyet ॥
hk transliteration by Sanscript