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अर्थशास्त्रम्

Arthashastra

अभियास्यत्कर्म

The Work of an Invader

The conqueror prioritizes strength, intrigue, and terrain over time, asserting that might overcomes difficulties from uneven ground or seasons. Campaigns follow specific months: Margasirsha targets enemies with old food stores, while Chaitra targets autumnal crops. The king deploys one-third or one-fourth of his army to protect the base, marching with sufficient force. He selects troops from hereditary, hired, corporate, friend’s, or wild tribe categories based on comparative power, preferring native forces and rejecting Brahman superiority. Troop types must match enemy compositions, and the king values rear obstruction over front profit, noting internal dissension is more dangerous than external conflict. Internal threats require urgent attention. The king neutralizes traitors through confinement, banishment, or intrigue, distinguishing between ministers, priests, and heirs apparent. Capturing fortified targets involves inciting internal strife or using spies to assassinate uncooperative leaders. The text defines six wealth types and three harm types, prioritizing wealth acquisition. Profit must outweigh losses, requiring gains that are receivable, vast, productive, and harmless. Obstructions include passion and anger. Improper treaties cause danger, especially from internal abettors of foreigners. The state suppresses such abettors with conciliation and gifts, while foreign efforts remain unavailing. Success depends on strategic gifts and separating loyalists from traitors. The conqueror employs spies to sow dissension using bribery, murder, and false accusations.

english description by sivagpt